The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review
Vitamins D and K are both fat-soluble vitamins and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7454376 |
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| author | Adriana J. van Ballegooijen Stefan Pilz Andreas Tomaschitz Martin R. Grübler Nicolas Verheyen |
| author_facet | Adriana J. van Ballegooijen Stefan Pilz Andreas Tomaschitz Martin R. Grübler Nicolas Verheyen |
| author_sort | Adriana J. van Ballegooijen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamins D and K are both fat-soluble vitamins and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence of the synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K on bone and cardiovascular health. Animal and human studies suggest that optimal concentrations of both vitamin D and vitamin K are beneficial for bone and cardiovascular health as supported by genetic, molecular, cellular, and human studies. Most clinical trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with bone health in postmenopausal women. Few intervention trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with cardiovascular-related outcomes. These limited studies indicate that joint supplementation might be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Current evidence supports the notion that joint supplementation of vitamins D and K might be more effective than the consumption of either alone for bone and cardiovascular health. As more is discovered about the powerful combination of vitamins D and K, it gives a renewed reason to eat a healthy diet including a variety of foods such as vegetables and fermented dairy for bone and cardiovascular health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e8f9519336874e32a40ce9e13c65e8dd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e8f9519336874e32a40ce9e13c65e8dd2025-08-20T02:21:53ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452017-01-01201710.1155/2017/74543767454376The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative ReviewAdriana J. van Ballegooijen0Stefan Pilz1Andreas Tomaschitz2Martin R. Grübler3Nicolas Verheyen4Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaBad Gleichenberg Clinic, Bad Gleichenberg, AustriaDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaVitamins D and K are both fat-soluble vitamins and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly. The purpose of this review is to summarize available evidence of the synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K on bone and cardiovascular health. Animal and human studies suggest that optimal concentrations of both vitamin D and vitamin K are beneficial for bone and cardiovascular health as supported by genetic, molecular, cellular, and human studies. Most clinical trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with bone health in postmenopausal women. Few intervention trials studied vitamin D and K supplementation with cardiovascular-related outcomes. These limited studies indicate that joint supplementation might be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Current evidence supports the notion that joint supplementation of vitamins D and K might be more effective than the consumption of either alone for bone and cardiovascular health. As more is discovered about the powerful combination of vitamins D and K, it gives a renewed reason to eat a healthy diet including a variety of foods such as vegetables and fermented dairy for bone and cardiovascular health.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7454376 |
| spellingShingle | Adriana J. van Ballegooijen Stefan Pilz Andreas Tomaschitz Martin R. Grübler Nicolas Verheyen The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | synergistic interplay between vitamins d and k for bone and cardiovascular health a narrative review |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7454376 |
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