A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness

A ratiometric fluorescent film with high gas sensitivity and stability was developed using electrospinning technology for monitoring food spoilage. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) was used as the indicator, combined with the internal reference Rhodamine B (RHB), to establish a composite ratiometr...

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Main Authors: Xiaodong Zhai, Xingdan Ma, Yue Sun, Yuhong Xue, Wanwan Ban, Wenjun Song, Tingting Shen, Zhihua Li, Xiaowei Huang, Qing Sun, Kunlong Wu, Zhilong Chen, Wenwu Zou, Biao Liu, Liang Zhang, Jiaji Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/13/2200
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author Xiaodong Zhai
Xingdan Ma
Yue Sun
Yuhong Xue
Wanwan Ban
Wenjun Song
Tingting Shen
Zhihua Li
Xiaowei Huang
Qing Sun
Kunlong Wu
Zhilong Chen
Wenwu Zou
Biao Liu
Liang Zhang
Jiaji Zhu
author_facet Xiaodong Zhai
Xingdan Ma
Yue Sun
Yuhong Xue
Wanwan Ban
Wenjun Song
Tingting Shen
Zhihua Li
Xiaowei Huang
Qing Sun
Kunlong Wu
Zhilong Chen
Wenwu Zou
Biao Liu
Liang Zhang
Jiaji Zhu
author_sort Xiaodong Zhai
collection DOAJ
description A ratiometric fluorescent film with high gas sensitivity and stability was developed using electrospinning technology for monitoring food spoilage. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) was used as the indicator, combined with the internal reference Rhodamine B (RHB), to establish a composite ratiometric fluorescent probe (FAM@RHB). The hydrophobic fluorescent films were fabricated by incorporating FAM@RHB probes into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at varying molar ratios through electrospinning. The FR-2 film with a 2:8 ratio of 5(6)-FAM to RHB exhibited the best performance, demonstrating excellent hydrophobicity with a water contact angle (<i>WCA</i>) of 113.45° and good color stability, with a Δ<i>E</i> value of 2.05 after 14 days of storage at 4 °C. Gas sensitivity tests indicated that FR-2 exhibited a limit of detection (<i>LOD</i>) of 0.54 μM for trimethylamine (TMA). In the application of monitoring the freshness of pork and beef at 4 °C, the fluorescence color of the FR-2 film significantly changed from orange–yellow to green, enabling the visual monitoring of meat freshness. Hence, this study provides a new approach for intelligent food packaging.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-e8ebba33de274b8d84ff3b9f09c809322025-08-20T03:50:20ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-06-011413220010.3390/foods14132200A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat FreshnessXiaodong Zhai0Xingdan Ma1Yue Sun2Yuhong Xue3Wanwan Ban4Wenjun Song5Tingting Shen6Zhihua Li7Xiaowei Huang8Qing Sun9Kunlong Wu10Zhilong Chen11Wenwu Zou12Biao Liu13Liang Zhang14Jiaji Zhu15Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaAgricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaWencheng Institution of Modern Agriculture and Healthcare Industry, Wencheng, Wenzhou 325300, ChinaWencheng Institution of Modern Agriculture and Healthcare Industry, Wencheng, Wenzhou 325300, ChinaWencheng Institution of Modern Agriculture and Healthcare Industry, Wencheng, Wenzhou 325300, ChinaWencheng Institution of Modern Agriculture and Healthcare Industry, Wencheng, Wenzhou 325300, ChinaWencheng Institution of Modern Agriculture and Healthcare Industry, Wencheng, Wenzhou 325300, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaA ratiometric fluorescent film with high gas sensitivity and stability was developed using electrospinning technology for monitoring food spoilage. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) was used as the indicator, combined with the internal reference Rhodamine B (RHB), to establish a composite ratiometric fluorescent probe (FAM@RHB). The hydrophobic fluorescent films were fabricated by incorporating FAM@RHB probes into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at varying molar ratios through electrospinning. The FR-2 film with a 2:8 ratio of 5(6)-FAM to RHB exhibited the best performance, demonstrating excellent hydrophobicity with a water contact angle (<i>WCA</i>) of 113.45° and good color stability, with a Δ<i>E</i> value of 2.05 after 14 days of storage at 4 °C. Gas sensitivity tests indicated that FR-2 exhibited a limit of detection (<i>LOD</i>) of 0.54 μM for trimethylamine (TMA). In the application of monitoring the freshness of pork and beef at 4 °C, the fluorescence color of the FR-2 film significantly changed from orange–yellow to green, enabling the visual monitoring of meat freshness. Hence, this study provides a new approach for intelligent food packaging.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/13/2200hydrophobicratiometric fluorescent filmelectrospinningfood freshnessintelligent packaging
spellingShingle Xiaodong Zhai
Xingdan Ma
Yue Sun
Yuhong Xue
Wanwan Ban
Wenjun Song
Tingting Shen
Zhihua Li
Xiaowei Huang
Qing Sun
Kunlong Wu
Zhilong Chen
Wenwu Zou
Biao Liu
Liang Zhang
Jiaji Zhu
A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
Foods
hydrophobic
ratiometric fluorescent film
electrospinning
food freshness
intelligent packaging
title A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
title_full A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
title_fullStr A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
title_full_unstemmed A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
title_short A Hydrophobic Ratiometric Fluorescent Indicator Film Using Electrospinning for Visual Monitoring of Meat Freshness
title_sort hydrophobic ratiometric fluorescent indicator film using electrospinning for visual monitoring of meat freshness
topic hydrophobic
ratiometric fluorescent film
electrospinning
food freshness
intelligent packaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/13/2200
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