Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy

Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat. Its M2 protein plays crucial roles in viral fusion, transportation, assembly, and release. Recent studies have shown that IAV impairs host autophagy flux to enhance viral replication. However, the precise mechanisms by which IAV...

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Main Authors: Shaotang Ye, Zhen Wang, Gang Lu, Aolei Chen, Liang Xu, Yongbo Liu, Jianwei Mao, Jingyu Wang, Gaoming Lou, Qingmei Xie, Kun Jia, Shoujun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01560-6
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author Shaotang Ye
Zhen Wang
Gang Lu
Aolei Chen
Liang Xu
Yongbo Liu
Jianwei Mao
Jingyu Wang
Gaoming Lou
Qingmei Xie
Kun Jia
Shoujun Li
author_facet Shaotang Ye
Zhen Wang
Gang Lu
Aolei Chen
Liang Xu
Yongbo Liu
Jianwei Mao
Jingyu Wang
Gaoming Lou
Qingmei Xie
Kun Jia
Shoujun Li
author_sort Shaotang Ye
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat. Its M2 protein plays crucial roles in viral fusion, transportation, assembly, and release. Recent studies have shown that IAV impairs host autophagy flux to enhance viral replication. However, the precise mechanisms by which IAV M2 manipulates host cellular autophagy during virus replication remain unclear. In this study, we analysed cellular transcriptional responses of cells to IAV M2 overexpression and identified RAB GTPase protein RAB33B as a key factor. RAB33B was significantly up-regulated by IAV M2 and promoted IAV replication by enhancing autophagy. We further found that autophagy regulates the interaction of IAV M2, RAB33B, and LC3, facilitating M2 membrane trafficking through autophagic-like vesicles. In addition, ATG16L1 (an effector of RAB33B) and TBC1D25 (a GTPase-activating protein for RAB33B) contributed to IAV M2-induced autophagy, thereby affecting viral replication. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel mechanism in which RAB33B is essential for IAV M2 trafficking to the plasma membrane, facilitating viral replication through enhanced autophagy. These insights shed new light on the autophagy-based cellular transport mechanisms of IAV M2 and highlight potential antiviral targets.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1297-9716
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-e8dfb4759e474b33be11683eeea525f42025-08-20T03:45:36ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162025-07-0156111810.1186/s13567-025-01560-6Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagyShaotang Ye0Zhen Wang1Gang Lu2Aolei Chen3Liang Xu4Yongbo Liu5Jianwei Mao6Jingyu Wang7Gaoming Lou8Qingmei Xie9Kun Jia10Shoujun Li11College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science & TechnologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityHenry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan UniversityCollege of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityAbstract Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat. Its M2 protein plays crucial roles in viral fusion, transportation, assembly, and release. Recent studies have shown that IAV impairs host autophagy flux to enhance viral replication. However, the precise mechanisms by which IAV M2 manipulates host cellular autophagy during virus replication remain unclear. In this study, we analysed cellular transcriptional responses of cells to IAV M2 overexpression and identified RAB GTPase protein RAB33B as a key factor. RAB33B was significantly up-regulated by IAV M2 and promoted IAV replication by enhancing autophagy. We further found that autophagy regulates the interaction of IAV M2, RAB33B, and LC3, facilitating M2 membrane trafficking through autophagic-like vesicles. In addition, ATG16L1 (an effector of RAB33B) and TBC1D25 (a GTPase-activating protein for RAB33B) contributed to IAV M2-induced autophagy, thereby affecting viral replication. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel mechanism in which RAB33B is essential for IAV M2 trafficking to the plasma membrane, facilitating viral replication through enhanced autophagy. These insights shed new light on the autophagy-based cellular transport mechanisms of IAV M2 and highlight potential antiviral targets.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01560-6IAVM2 proteinautophagyRAB33Bhost–pathogen interactionmembrane trafficking
spellingShingle Shaotang Ye
Zhen Wang
Gang Lu
Aolei Chen
Liang Xu
Yongbo Liu
Jianwei Mao
Jingyu Wang
Gaoming Lou
Qingmei Xie
Kun Jia
Shoujun Li
Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
Veterinary Research
IAV
M2 protein
autophagy
RAB33B
host–pathogen interaction
membrane trafficking
title Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
title_full Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
title_fullStr Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
title_full_unstemmed Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
title_short Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
title_sort host cellular protein rab33b facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates m2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy
topic IAV
M2 protein
autophagy
RAB33B
host–pathogen interaction
membrane trafficking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01560-6
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