Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds

Summary: Thermal soaring enables birds to perform cost-efficient flights. Although aerodynamic rules dictate the costs of flight, soaring species vary strongly in their morphologies and behavioral strategies. To quantify morphology-related differences in behavioral cross-country strategies, we analy...

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Main Authors: Göksel Keskin, Olivier Duriez, Pedro Lacerda, Andrea Flack, Máté Nagy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:iScience
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225003505
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author Göksel Keskin
Olivier Duriez
Pedro Lacerda
Andrea Flack
Máté Nagy
author_facet Göksel Keskin
Olivier Duriez
Pedro Lacerda
Andrea Flack
Máté Nagy
author_sort Göksel Keskin
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Thermal soaring enables birds to perform cost-efficient flights. Although aerodynamic rules dictate the costs of flight, soaring species vary strongly in their morphologies and behavioral strategies. To quantify morphology-related differences in behavioral cross-country strategies, we analyzed a large dataset consisting of over a hundred individuals from 12 soaring species recorded with high-frequency tracking devices. We quantified their performance during thermalling and gliding flights and their overall cross-country behavior. Our results confirmed aerodynamic theory across the species; species with higher wing loading typically flew faster and consequently turned on a larger radius than lighter ones. Furthermore, the combination of circling radius and minimum sink speed determines the maximum benefits soaring birds obtain from thermals. Notably, we observed a spectrum of strategies regarding the adaptivity to thermal strength and uncovered a universal rule for cross-country strategies for all analyzed species which can provide inspiration for technical applications, like autopilot for robotic gliders.
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spelling doaj-art-e8db3afd96e344cc838d821838c017b92025-08-20T02:56:47ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-03-0128311209010.1016/j.isci.2025.112090Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birdsGöksel Keskin0Olivier Duriez1Pedro Lacerda2Andrea Flack3Máté Nagy4MTA-ELTE Lendület Collective Behaviour Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryCEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceMTA-ELTE Lendület Collective Behaviour Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryCollective Migration Group, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, GermanyMTA-ELTE Lendület Collective Behaviour Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Corresponding authorSummary: Thermal soaring enables birds to perform cost-efficient flights. Although aerodynamic rules dictate the costs of flight, soaring species vary strongly in their morphologies and behavioral strategies. To quantify morphology-related differences in behavioral cross-country strategies, we analyzed a large dataset consisting of over a hundred individuals from 12 soaring species recorded with high-frequency tracking devices. We quantified their performance during thermalling and gliding flights and their overall cross-country behavior. Our results confirmed aerodynamic theory across the species; species with higher wing loading typically flew faster and consequently turned on a larger radius than lighter ones. Furthermore, the combination of circling radius and minimum sink speed determines the maximum benefits soaring birds obtain from thermals. Notably, we observed a spectrum of strategies regarding the adaptivity to thermal strength and uncovered a universal rule for cross-country strategies for all analyzed species which can provide inspiration for technical applications, like autopilot for robotic gliders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225003505EcologyZoologyOrnithologyEvolutionary ecology
spellingShingle Göksel Keskin
Olivier Duriez
Pedro Lacerda
Andrea Flack
Máté Nagy
Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
iScience
Ecology
Zoology
Ornithology
Evolutionary ecology
title Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
title_full Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
title_fullStr Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
title_short Adaptive cross-country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
title_sort adaptive cross country optimization strategies in thermal soaring birds
topic Ecology
Zoology
Ornithology
Evolutionary ecology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225003505
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AT andreaflack adaptivecrosscountryoptimizationstrategiesinthermalsoaringbirds
AT matenagy adaptivecrosscountryoptimizationstrategiesinthermalsoaringbirds