Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This review assesses the association between hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with sublingual varices. Introduction: Hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and denture-wearing are risk indicators for sublingual varices. A better understan...

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Main Authors: Anju James, Chandrashekar Janakiram, Vijay S. Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001465
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author Anju James
Chandrashekar Janakiram
Vijay S. Kumar
author_facet Anju James
Chandrashekar Janakiram
Vijay S. Kumar
author_sort Anju James
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This review assesses the association between hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with sublingual varices. Introduction: Hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and denture-wearing are risk indicators for sublingual varices. A better understanding of the potential risk factors associated with sublingual varices can assist dental clinicians in identifying underlying systemic conditions that require timely and appropriate management. Methods: The search strategy aimed to retrieve both published and unpublished literature. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO-APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Shodhganga. All retrieved citations underwent screening to assess compatibility with the inclusion criteria. The methodological validity of the included studies was critically appraised using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Quantitative data were aggregated and analyzed through a meta-analysis. For dichotomous data, the effect size was presented as odds ratios. Results: Among the nine studies included in this review, eight were cross-sectional, and one was a case-control study. The total number of participants in all nine studies was 3,854, with individual survey participant numbers ranging from 151 to 1008. The methodological quality of all included studies was good. Risk factors such as history of smoking [OR 2.59 (95 % CI 1.39, 4.81), p = 0.003], hypertension [OR 4.99 (95 % CI 1.86, 13.39), p = 0.001], cardiovascular diseases [OR 6.01 (95 % CI 4.15, 8.70), p < 0.001] and denture wearing [OR 2.64 (95 % CI 1.53, 4.53), p < 0.001] were significantly associated with sublingual varices. Conclusion: Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, history of smoking and denture wearing. are the risk factors associated with sublingual varices. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42023396643.
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spelling doaj-art-e8c7ca5883724816b2f4c8a54fe736c62025-08-20T01:52:42ZengElsevierJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research2212-42682024-11-0114672072910.1016/j.jobcr.2024.09.014Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysisAnju James0Chandrashekar Janakiram1Vijay S. Kumar2Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India; Amrita Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health: A JBI-affiliated Group, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India; Amrita Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health: A JBI-affiliated Group, Kerala, India; Corresponding author. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India; Amrita Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health: A JBI-affiliated Group, Kerala, IndiaObjective: This review assesses the association between hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with sublingual varices. Introduction: Hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and denture-wearing are risk indicators for sublingual varices. A better understanding of the potential risk factors associated with sublingual varices can assist dental clinicians in identifying underlying systemic conditions that require timely and appropriate management. Methods: The search strategy aimed to retrieve both published and unpublished literature. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO-APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Shodhganga. All retrieved citations underwent screening to assess compatibility with the inclusion criteria. The methodological validity of the included studies was critically appraised using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Quantitative data were aggregated and analyzed through a meta-analysis. For dichotomous data, the effect size was presented as odds ratios. Results: Among the nine studies included in this review, eight were cross-sectional, and one was a case-control study. The total number of participants in all nine studies was 3,854, with individual survey participant numbers ranging from 151 to 1008. The methodological quality of all included studies was good. Risk factors such as history of smoking [OR 2.59 (95 % CI 1.39, 4.81), p = 0.003], hypertension [OR 4.99 (95 % CI 1.86, 13.39), p = 0.001], cardiovascular diseases [OR 6.01 (95 % CI 4.15, 8.70), p < 0.001] and denture wearing [OR 2.64 (95 % CI 1.53, 4.53), p < 0.001] were significantly associated with sublingual varices. Conclusion: Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, history of smoking and denture wearing. are the risk factors associated with sublingual varices. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42023396643.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001465AdultsCardiovascular diseasesHypertensionRisk factorsSublingual varices
spellingShingle Anju James
Chandrashekar Janakiram
Vijay S. Kumar
Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Adults
Cardiovascular diseases
Hypertension
Risk factors
Sublingual varices
title Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Adults
Cardiovascular diseases
Hypertension
Risk factors
Sublingual varices
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426824001465
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AT chandrashekarjanakiram hypertensionandotheretiologicalriskfactorsassociatedwiththesublingualvaricesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT vijayskumar hypertensionandotheretiologicalriskfactorsassociatedwiththesublingualvaricesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis