Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Placental abruption is one of the most severe complications during pregnancy, and its associated risk factors remain incompletely understood and somewhat controversial. Methods This study conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus da...
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2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7 |
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| author | Dexin Chen Xuelin Gao Tingyue Yang Xing Xin Guohua Wang Hong Wang Rongxia He Min Liu |
| author_facet | Dexin Chen Xuelin Gao Tingyue Yang Xing Xin Guohua Wang Hong Wang Rongxia He Min Liu |
| author_sort | Dexin Chen |
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| description | Abstract Background Placental abruption is one of the most severe complications during pregnancy, and its associated risk factors remain incompletely understood and somewhat controversial. Methods This study conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to collect literature related to placental abruption, with a cutoff date of July 30, 2024. Results A total of 54 observational studies were included, covering 7,267,241 pregnant women, with 47,702 cases diagnosed with placental abruption. The study identified three categories of independent risk factors: The first category includes baseline maternal characteristics (18 items), such as maternal age ≥ 35 years, black race, low prepregnancy BMI (< 18.5 kg/m²), unmarried status, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption, inadequate prenatal care (< 4 visits), marijuana use, multiple pregnancy, parity ≥ 3, anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), previous placental abruption, previous cesarean section, previous miscarriage, previous stillbirth, cervical incompetence, habitual abortions, and assisted reproductive technology. Among these, previous placental abruption (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI [2.16, 3.42]) was found to be the most significant risk factor. The second category includes pregnancy-related complications (7 items), such as preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, polyhydramnios, antepartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension, and placenta previa. Of these, placenta previa (AOR = 7.31, 95% CI [4.78, 11.19]) was identified as the most significant risk factor. The third category consists of other independent risk factors (33 items) and protective factors (3 items). However, methodological inconsistencies and publication bias in the current studies may affect the reliability of the meta-analysis results. Conclusion This study summarizes 58 independent risk factors for placental abruption, covering various aspects such as maternal baseline characteristics and pregnancy complications. For these high-risk populations, it is essential to strengthen the frequency of prenatal check-ups, establish early warning systems, and provide targeted health guidance. Future research should further refine risk factor models and develop more targeted preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of placental abruption and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. PROSPERO CRD42024546514. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e8aff2fa651f4f3ab39063f1b8f08220 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-e8aff2fa651f4f3ab39063f1b8f082202025-08-20T02:10:19ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-03-0125111210.1186/s12884-025-07482-7Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysisDexin Chen0Xuelin Gao1Tingyue Yang2Xing Xin3Guohua Wang4Hong Wang5Rongxia He6Min Liu7Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityAbstract Background Placental abruption is one of the most severe complications during pregnancy, and its associated risk factors remain incompletely understood and somewhat controversial. Methods This study conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to collect literature related to placental abruption, with a cutoff date of July 30, 2024. Results A total of 54 observational studies were included, covering 7,267,241 pregnant women, with 47,702 cases diagnosed with placental abruption. The study identified three categories of independent risk factors: The first category includes baseline maternal characteristics (18 items), such as maternal age ≥ 35 years, black race, low prepregnancy BMI (< 18.5 kg/m²), unmarried status, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption, inadequate prenatal care (< 4 visits), marijuana use, multiple pregnancy, parity ≥ 3, anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), previous placental abruption, previous cesarean section, previous miscarriage, previous stillbirth, cervical incompetence, habitual abortions, and assisted reproductive technology. Among these, previous placental abruption (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI [2.16, 3.42]) was found to be the most significant risk factor. The second category includes pregnancy-related complications (7 items), such as preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, polyhydramnios, antepartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension, and placenta previa. Of these, placenta previa (AOR = 7.31, 95% CI [4.78, 11.19]) was identified as the most significant risk factor. The third category consists of other independent risk factors (33 items) and protective factors (3 items). However, methodological inconsistencies and publication bias in the current studies may affect the reliability of the meta-analysis results. Conclusion This study summarizes 58 independent risk factors for placental abruption, covering various aspects such as maternal baseline characteristics and pregnancy complications. For these high-risk populations, it is essential to strengthen the frequency of prenatal check-ups, establish early warning systems, and provide targeted health guidance. Future research should further refine risk factor models and develop more targeted preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of placental abruption and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. PROSPERO CRD42024546514. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7Placental abruptionIndependent risk factorsSystematic reviewMeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Dexin Chen Xuelin Gao Tingyue Yang Xing Xin Guohua Wang Hong Wang Rongxia He Min Liu Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Placental abruption Independent risk factors Systematic review Meta-analysis |
| title | Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | independent risk factors for placental abruption a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Placental abruption Independent risk factors Systematic review Meta-analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7 |
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