Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan

This study examines the ecological and thermal impacts of urbanization in Malakand Division, Pakistan, from 2003 to 2023, focusing on the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect and human thermal comfort (HTC). Using multi-temporal Landsat (5 and 8) imagery, Land Surface Temperature (LST) data, and...

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Main Authors: Imtiaz AHMAD, Wang PING, Abdur RAZZAQ, Bilal Jan Haji MUHAMMAD, Wajid ALI
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Editura Univeristatii "Stefan cel Mare" din Suceava 2024-12-01
Series:Georeview
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Online Access:https://georeview.usv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Article.5-Vol.34-2.pdf
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author Imtiaz AHMAD
Wang PING
Abdur RAZZAQ
Bilal Jan Haji MUHAMMAD
Wajid ALI
author_facet Imtiaz AHMAD
Wang PING
Abdur RAZZAQ
Bilal Jan Haji MUHAMMAD
Wajid ALI
author_sort Imtiaz AHMAD
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the ecological and thermal impacts of urbanization in Malakand Division, Pakistan, from 2003 to 2023, focusing on the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect and human thermal comfort (HTC). Using multi-temporal Landsat (5 and 8) imagery, Land Surface Temperature (LST) data, and the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI), we analyze urban expansion, land-use changes, and their thermal implications. Results show significant urban growth, with built-up areas increasing from 11,773.5 km² to 12,519.09 km², while vegetative land decreased by 7.5%. The average LST rose by 3.67°C, and UHI intensity increased from 15.96% in 2003 to 19.08% in 2023. Spatial analysis highlights higher LST and UTFVI values in urbanized and transition zones, indicating worsening thermal conditions. These findings underscore the need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate UHI effects, enhance HTC, and promote green space development. This research provides critical insights for urban planners and policymakers in Malakand Division and other rapidly urbanizing regions
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2343-7391
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language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Editura Univeristatii "Stefan cel Mare" din Suceava
record_format Article
series Georeview
spelling doaj-art-e8ac49fa5e7540dc993eb348702423e92025-08-20T03:13:08ZengEditura Univeristatii "Stefan cel Mare" din SuceavaGeoreview2343-73912343-74052024-12-01342618810.4316/GEOREVIEW.2024.02.05Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, PakistanImtiaz AHMAD0Wang PING1Abdur RAZZAQ2Bilal Jan Haji MUHAMMAD3Wajid ALI4Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaThis study examines the ecological and thermal impacts of urbanization in Malakand Division, Pakistan, from 2003 to 2023, focusing on the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect and human thermal comfort (HTC). Using multi-temporal Landsat (5 and 8) imagery, Land Surface Temperature (LST) data, and the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI), we analyze urban expansion, land-use changes, and their thermal implications. Results show significant urban growth, with built-up areas increasing from 11,773.5 km² to 12,519.09 km², while vegetative land decreased by 7.5%. The average LST rose by 3.67°C, and UHI intensity increased from 15.96% in 2003 to 19.08% in 2023. Spatial analysis highlights higher LST and UTFVI values in urbanized and transition zones, indicating worsening thermal conditions. These findings underscore the need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate UHI effects, enhance HTC, and promote green space development. This research provides critical insights for urban planners and policymakers in Malakand Division and other rapidly urbanizing regionshttps://georeview.usv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Article.5-Vol.34-2.pdfecological monitoringlstuhiutfvihuman thermal comfort
spellingShingle Imtiaz AHMAD
Wang PING
Abdur RAZZAQ
Bilal Jan Haji MUHAMMAD
Wajid ALI
Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
Georeview
ecological monitoring
lst
uhi
utfvi
human thermal comfort
title Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
title_full Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
title_fullStr Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
title_short Assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects. An Ecological Study in Malakand Division, Pakistan
title_sort assessing urban thermal field variance and surface urban heat island effects an ecological study in malakand division pakistan
topic ecological monitoring
lst
uhi
utfvi
human thermal comfort
url https://georeview.usv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Article.5-Vol.34-2.pdf
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