Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges

Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy in children. It results from mutations in the RB1 gene or from MYCN oncogene amplification. We distinguish between the more common unilateral form and the rarer bilateral form. It is important to note that bilateral retinoblastoma is always heredi...

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Main Authors: Mateusz Wiekiera, Adrianna Jasiuk, Natalia Madeja, Sylwia Koziej, Martyna Niemczuk, Emilia Kowalczyk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-08-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62962
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author Mateusz Wiekiera
Adrianna Jasiuk
Natalia Madeja
Sylwia Koziej
Martyna Niemczuk
Emilia Kowalczyk
author_facet Mateusz Wiekiera
Adrianna Jasiuk
Natalia Madeja
Sylwia Koziej
Martyna Niemczuk
Emilia Kowalczyk
author_sort Mateusz Wiekiera
collection DOAJ
description Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy in children. It results from mutations in the RB1 gene or from MYCN oncogene amplification. We distinguish between the more common unilateral form and the rarer bilateral form. It is important to note that bilateral retinoblastoma is always hereditary. The most common and characteristic symptom is the white pupillary reflex. In addition, the child may develop strabismus or heterochromia. Treatment methods vary, ranging from those aimed at salvaging the eye to those involving total enucleation. Prognosis depends on the location and stage of the tumor. This review aims to explore the literature on new therapeutic methods and recent discoveries in the field of retinoblastoma. 
format Article
id doaj-art-e89f1df2ce194178a60f840f6efea038
institution DOAJ
issn 2450-3118
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
series Quality in Sport
spelling doaj-art-e89f1df2ce194178a60f840f6efea0382025-08-20T03:06:44ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-08-014410.12775/QS.2025.44.62962Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future ChallengesMateusz Wiekiera0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9236-2913Adrianna Jasiuk1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4829-3768Natalia Madeja2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0921-8003Sylwia Koziej3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9607-6693Martyna Niemczuk4https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5877-6356Emilia Kowalczyk5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-8870Medical University of ŁódźMedical University of LodzNational Research InstituteWyszynski Provincial Specialist Hospital SPZOZ ,LublinUniversity Clinical Hospital, BiałystokProvincial Hospital in Kielce Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy in children. It results from mutations in the RB1 gene or from MYCN oncogene amplification. We distinguish between the more common unilateral form and the rarer bilateral form. It is important to note that bilateral retinoblastoma is always hereditary. The most common and characteristic symptom is the white pupillary reflex. In addition, the child may develop strabismus or heterochromia. Treatment methods vary, ranging from those aimed at salvaging the eye to those involving total enucleation. Prognosis depends on the location and stage of the tumor. This review aims to explore the literature on new therapeutic methods and recent discoveries in the field of retinoblastoma.  https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62962RetinoblastomaHeterochromia
spellingShingle Mateusz Wiekiera
Adrianna Jasiuk
Natalia Madeja
Sylwia Koziej
Martyna Niemczuk
Emilia Kowalczyk
Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
Quality in Sport
Retinoblastoma
Heterochromia
title Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
title_full Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
title_fullStr Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
title_short Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges
title_sort retinoblastoma evolving concepts and future challenges
topic Retinoblastoma
Heterochromia
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62962
work_keys_str_mv AT mateuszwiekiera retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges
AT adriannajasiuk retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges
AT nataliamadeja retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges
AT sylwiakoziej retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges
AT martynaniemczuk retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges
AT emiliakowalczyk retinoblastomaevolvingconceptsandfuturechallenges