Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial
Background The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of quick penetrating solution (QPS) heparin, QPS diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST). Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted after a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Perspectives in Clinical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/picr.picr_305_23 |
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| author | Vijeta Bajpai Tejas K. Patel Priyanka Dwivedi Ankita Kabi Yashpal Singh Richa Agarwal Ravi Gupta Surekha Kishore |
| author_facet | Vijeta Bajpai Tejas K. Patel Priyanka Dwivedi Ankita Kabi Yashpal Singh Richa Agarwal Ravi Gupta Surekha Kishore |
| author_sort | Vijeta Bajpai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of quick penetrating solution (QPS) heparin, QPS diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST).
Materials and Methods
This randomized controlled trial was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and registration to Clinical Trial Registry of India. Patients of 18–60 years age, American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II, and who needed venous cannulation for at least 72 h were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups receiving study drugs (heparin gel, QPS heparin, and QPS diclofenac) every 8 hourly for a period of 72 h. Venous cannulation site was graded using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. Patients developing no ST, mean time to reach ST Grade 1 and 2, prevention of ST probability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions during the study period were assessed.
Results
Out of 219 included patients, development of no ST in the study groups at 72 h of treatment were heparin gel (11%), QPS heparin (9.6%), and QPS diclofenac (2.7%). The mean time (hours) to develop any grade ST in the study arms was heparin gel (36.2 [11.9]), QPS heparin (40.0 [13.4]), and QPS diclofenac (37.0 [13.2]). The Kaplan–Meier analysis did not reveal significant differences for the prevention of any grade ST or severe ST in three treatment arms. The average cost-effectiveness ratio for preventing thrombophlebitis was 14.2 in heparin gel-, 13.2 in QPS heparin-, and 95.6 in QPS diclofenac-treated patients.
Conclusion
Based on efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, heparin gel or QPS heparin can be used to prevent ST due to intravenous cannulation in surgical patients. QPS diclofenac is not a cost-effective option to prevent ST. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e8931bbaa34045939c24d59ceec749d7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2229-3485 2229-5488 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Perspectives in Clinical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e8931bbaa34045939c24d59ceec749d72025-08-20T02:49:52ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsPerspectives in Clinical Research2229-34852229-54882024-10-0115419520110.4103/picr.picr_305_23Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trialVijeta BajpaiTejas K. PatelPriyanka DwivediAnkita KabiYashpal SinghRicha AgarwalRavi GuptaSurekha KishoreBackground The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of quick penetrating solution (QPS) heparin, QPS diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST). Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and registration to Clinical Trial Registry of India. Patients of 18–60 years age, American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II, and who needed venous cannulation for at least 72 h were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups receiving study drugs (heparin gel, QPS heparin, and QPS diclofenac) every 8 hourly for a period of 72 h. Venous cannulation site was graded using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. Patients developing no ST, mean time to reach ST Grade 1 and 2, prevention of ST probability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions during the study period were assessed. Results Out of 219 included patients, development of no ST in the study groups at 72 h of treatment were heparin gel (11%), QPS heparin (9.6%), and QPS diclofenac (2.7%). The mean time (hours) to develop any grade ST in the study arms was heparin gel (36.2 [11.9]), QPS heparin (40.0 [13.4]), and QPS diclofenac (37.0 [13.2]). The Kaplan–Meier analysis did not reveal significant differences for the prevention of any grade ST or severe ST in three treatment arms. The average cost-effectiveness ratio for preventing thrombophlebitis was 14.2 in heparin gel-, 13.2 in QPS heparin-, and 95.6 in QPS diclofenac-treated patients. Conclusion Based on efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, heparin gel or QPS heparin can be used to prevent ST due to intravenous cannulation in surgical patients. QPS diclofenac is not a cost-effective option to prevent ST.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/picr.picr_305_23diclofenacheparinquick penetrating solution diclofenacquick penetrating solution heparinquick penetrating solutionsuperficial thrombophlebitistopical heparin |
| spellingShingle | Vijeta Bajpai Tejas K. Patel Priyanka Dwivedi Ankita Kabi Yashpal Singh Richa Agarwal Ravi Gupta Surekha Kishore Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial Perspectives in Clinical Research diclofenac heparin quick penetrating solution diclofenac quick penetrating solution heparin quick penetrating solution superficial thrombophlebitis topical heparin |
| title | Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin quick penetrating solution diclofenac and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion associated superficial thrombophlebitis a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | diclofenac heparin quick penetrating solution diclofenac quick penetrating solution heparin quick penetrating solution superficial thrombophlebitis topical heparin |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/picr.picr_305_23 |
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