Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid

Abstract In modular multilevel converters-based DC power grid, short faults develop rapidly and have complex characteristics. The power electronic converter has a limited ability to withstand overcurrent. So, protection needs to quickly identify the fault area in an extremely short time. Non-unit pr...

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Main Authors: Yao Sun, Yanfang Fan, Junjie Hou, Guobing Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99775-2
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author Yao Sun
Yanfang Fan
Junjie Hou
Guobing Song
author_facet Yao Sun
Yanfang Fan
Junjie Hou
Guobing Song
author_sort Yao Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In modular multilevel converters-based DC power grid, short faults develop rapidly and have complex characteristics. The power electronic converter has a limited ability to withstand overcurrent. So, protection needs to quickly identify the fault area in an extremely short time. Non-unit protection based on traveling waves has the advantage of rapid action, but its ability to resist fault resistance needs to be improved. To improve protection performance, a non-unit protection based on the ratio of initial fault voltage reversal wave (IVRW) tangent envelope area is proposed. First, the waveform distortion characteristics and the waveform characteristics of the IVRW at different fault locations are analyzed. Second, the tangent envelope area ratio is used to characterize the waveform distortion characteristics, which gets rid of the influence of fault resistance. Then, a fault identification criterion is constructed. And a protection scheme based on the tangent envelope area ratio is proposed by combining the start criterion and the fault pole criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has strong resistance to fault resistance and the setting value does not depend on simulation. In addition, the scheme can still effectively identify the protection area under weak boundaries and strong noise interference.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-e88ea1219cae487fbad90fab79f1b54a2025-08-20T02:10:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-99775-2Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC gridYao Sun0Yanfang Fan1Junjie Hou2Guobing Song3The School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang UniversityThe School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang UniversityThe School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang UniversityThe School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang UniversityAbstract In modular multilevel converters-based DC power grid, short faults develop rapidly and have complex characteristics. The power electronic converter has a limited ability to withstand overcurrent. So, protection needs to quickly identify the fault area in an extremely short time. Non-unit protection based on traveling waves has the advantage of rapid action, but its ability to resist fault resistance needs to be improved. To improve protection performance, a non-unit protection based on the ratio of initial fault voltage reversal wave (IVRW) tangent envelope area is proposed. First, the waveform distortion characteristics and the waveform characteristics of the IVRW at different fault locations are analyzed. Second, the tangent envelope area ratio is used to characterize the waveform distortion characteristics, which gets rid of the influence of fault resistance. Then, a fault identification criterion is constructed. And a protection scheme based on the tangent envelope area ratio is proposed by combining the start criterion and the fault pole criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has strong resistance to fault resistance and the setting value does not depend on simulation. In addition, the scheme can still effectively identify the protection area under weak boundaries and strong noise interference.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99775-2Non-unit protectionMMC-HVDCFault initial voltage reversal waveDistortion characteristic
spellingShingle Yao Sun
Yanfang Fan
Junjie Hou
Guobing Song
Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
Scientific Reports
Non-unit protection
MMC-HVDC
Fault initial voltage reversal wave
Distortion characteristic
title Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
title_full Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
title_fullStr Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
title_full_unstemmed Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
title_short Nonunit protection based on the ratio of IVRW tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grid
title_sort nonunit protection based on the ratio of ivrw tangent envelope area for modular multilevel converter based hvdc grid
topic Non-unit protection
MMC-HVDC
Fault initial voltage reversal wave
Distortion characteristic
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99775-2
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AT junjiehou nonunitprotectionbasedontheratioofivrwtangentenvelopeareaformodularmultilevelconverterbasedhvdcgrid
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