Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications

The simulation of additive manufacturing processes, such as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), is becoming increasingly important to predict material and component properties in advance of the real-life manufacturing. In contrast to prior work focusing on the simulation of simplified WAAM parts...

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Main Authors: Tim Fritschle, Moritz Kaess, Stefan Weihe, Martin Werz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/5/166
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author Tim Fritschle
Moritz Kaess
Stefan Weihe
Martin Werz
author_facet Tim Fritschle
Moritz Kaess
Stefan Weihe
Martin Werz
author_sort Tim Fritschle
collection DOAJ
description The simulation of additive manufacturing processes, such as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), is becoming increasingly important to predict material and component properties in advance of the real-life manufacturing. In contrast to prior work focusing on the simulation of simplified WAAM parts, this paper presents an investigation into the thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) simulation of the manufacturing of large-scale WAAM components. The investigation focuses on various problems within the individual steps of the FE workflow wherein ABAQUS influences the modeling of large-scale components. The investigations are founded upon a thermo-mechanically coupled FE model in ABAQUS 2020. For this purpose, several thermo-mechanical simulation models are set up with the target of investigating the meshing, element activation and variation of process parameters. Appropriate discretization of WAAM components is found to be a major problem when setting up a simulation. The meshing of the component is limited by the element type and size and the meshing routines used. Also, differences in the axes of motion for the simulation and the real process cause the simulation to differ from reality. High element start temperatures are found to be beneficial for simulation stability and performance. An integrated parameter variation was made possible with the modeling techniques used.
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spelling doaj-art-e886530a28934bc7ac0e745313d083902025-08-20T01:56:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942025-05-019516610.3390/jmmp9050166Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial ApplicationsTim Fritschle0Moritz Kaess1Stefan Weihe2Martin Werz3Materials Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyMaterials Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyMaterials Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyMaterials Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyThe simulation of additive manufacturing processes, such as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), is becoming increasingly important to predict material and component properties in advance of the real-life manufacturing. In contrast to prior work focusing on the simulation of simplified WAAM parts, this paper presents an investigation into the thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) simulation of the manufacturing of large-scale WAAM components. The investigation focuses on various problems within the individual steps of the FE workflow wherein ABAQUS influences the modeling of large-scale components. The investigations are founded upon a thermo-mechanically coupled FE model in ABAQUS 2020. For this purpose, several thermo-mechanical simulation models are set up with the target of investigating the meshing, element activation and variation of process parameters. Appropriate discretization of WAAM components is found to be a major problem when setting up a simulation. The meshing of the component is limited by the element type and size and the meshing routines used. Also, differences in the axes of motion for the simulation and the real process cause the simulation to differ from reality. High element start temperatures are found to be beneficial for simulation stability and performance. An integrated parameter variation was made possible with the modeling techniques used.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/5/166additive manufacturingWAAMthermo-mechanical simulationsimulation methodslarge-scale componentsindustrial application
spellingShingle Tim Fritschle
Moritz Kaess
Stefan Weihe
Martin Werz
Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
additive manufacturing
WAAM
thermo-mechanical simulation
simulation methods
large-scale components
industrial application
title Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
title_full Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
title_fullStr Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
title_short Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of the Manufacturing of Large-Scale Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Components with an Outlook Towards Industrial Applications
title_sort investigation of the thermo mechanical modeling of the manufacturing of large scale wire arc additive manufacturing components with an outlook towards industrial applications
topic additive manufacturing
WAAM
thermo-mechanical simulation
simulation methods
large-scale components
industrial application
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/5/166
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AT moritzkaess investigationofthethermomechanicalmodelingofthemanufacturingoflargescalewirearcadditivemanufacturingcomponentswithanoutlooktowardsindustrialapplications
AT stefanweihe investigationofthethermomechanicalmodelingofthemanufacturingoflargescalewirearcadditivemanufacturingcomponentswithanoutlooktowardsindustrialapplications
AT martinwerz investigationofthethermomechanicalmodelingofthemanufacturingoflargescalewirearcadditivemanufacturingcomponentswithanoutlooktowardsindustrialapplications