Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrates promising applications in component repair, yet its continuous processing mode unavoidably induces localized heat accumulation, leading to critical defects such as microstructural heterogeneity, harmful phase formation and residual stress. These issues collec...

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Main Authors: Yi Li, Junbo Wu, Maoyuan Li, Weiwei Xu, Ruifang Ye, Zhenzhong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016692
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author Yi Li
Junbo Wu
Maoyuan Li
Weiwei Xu
Ruifang Ye
Zhenzhong Wang
author_facet Yi Li
Junbo Wu
Maoyuan Li
Weiwei Xu
Ruifang Ye
Zhenzhong Wang
author_sort Yi Li
collection DOAJ
description Additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrates promising applications in component repair, yet its continuous processing mode unavoidably induces localized heat accumulation, leading to critical defects such as microstructural heterogeneity, harmful phase formation and residual stress. These issues collectively compromise the structural integrity and functional performance of repaired components. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing (HASM) strategy integrating off-axis fine wire-laser directed energy deposition (OAFW-LDED) with periodic milling operations. By employing a self-developed dual five-axis hybrid machining system, we achieved precise layer-wise repair of Inconel 718 superalloy on 304 stainless steel shafts. The HASM process orchestrates multistage thermo-mechanical control through OAFW-LDED/milling cycles, achieving controlled material deposition and unique microstructural evolution via mitigated thermal accumulation, enhanced solidification rates, and localized remelting-recrystallization. This approach refined the average equivalent grain size from 85.7 ± 3.2 μm to 56.2 ± 1.8 μm (34 % reduction), alleviated thermal stresses, and suppressed Nb segregation at dendritic boundaries. Notably, it transformed continuous long-chained Laves phases into discrete blocky particles. The average peak hardness increased by 26 % (from 271 to 340 HV), and surface flatness increased by 300 % (from 473.5 to 157.7 μm). This work presents a scalable manufacturing framework for high-performance remanufacturing of critical shaft components, demonstrating the synergistic benefits of combining AM's geometric freedom with subtractive manufacturing's precision control.
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spelling doaj-art-e87aec62013b46749276fd6296ee70932025-08-20T02:40:15ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01373289330210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.011Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturingYi Li0Junbo Wu1Maoyuan Li2Weiwei Xu3Ruifang Ye4Zhenzhong Wang5Sichuan Institute of Xiamen University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, ChinaSichuan Institute of Xiamen University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, ChinaSichuan Institute of Xiamen University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, ChinaSichuan Institute of Xiamen University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Green Intelligent Drive and Transmission for Mobile Machinery, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Corresponding author.Sichuan Institute of Xiamen University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Corresponding author.Additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrates promising applications in component repair, yet its continuous processing mode unavoidably induces localized heat accumulation, leading to critical defects such as microstructural heterogeneity, harmful phase formation and residual stress. These issues collectively compromise the structural integrity and functional performance of repaired components. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing (HASM) strategy integrating off-axis fine wire-laser directed energy deposition (OAFW-LDED) with periodic milling operations. By employing a self-developed dual five-axis hybrid machining system, we achieved precise layer-wise repair of Inconel 718 superalloy on 304 stainless steel shafts. The HASM process orchestrates multistage thermo-mechanical control through OAFW-LDED/milling cycles, achieving controlled material deposition and unique microstructural evolution via mitigated thermal accumulation, enhanced solidification rates, and localized remelting-recrystallization. This approach refined the average equivalent grain size from 85.7 ± 3.2 μm to 56.2 ± 1.8 μm (34 % reduction), alleviated thermal stresses, and suppressed Nb segregation at dendritic boundaries. Notably, it transformed continuous long-chained Laves phases into discrete blocky particles. The average peak hardness increased by 26 % (from 271 to 340 HV), and surface flatness increased by 300 % (from 473.5 to 157.7 μm). This work presents a scalable manufacturing framework for high-performance remanufacturing of critical shaft components, demonstrating the synergistic benefits of combining AM's geometric freedom with subtractive manufacturing's precision control.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016692Wire-laser directed energy depositionHybrid additive-subtractive manufacturingLaves phaseMicrostructure and mechanical propertiesRemanufacturing
spellingShingle Yi Li
Junbo Wu
Maoyuan Li
Weiwei Xu
Ruifang Ye
Zhenzhong Wang
Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Wire-laser directed energy deposition
Hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
Laves phase
Microstructure and mechanical properties
Remanufacturing
title Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
title_full Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
title_fullStr Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
title_short Improved Inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and Laves phase suppression in hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
title_sort improved inconel 718 superalloy repaired performance on 304 stainless steel shafts via recrystallization and laves phase suppression in hybrid additive subtractive manufacturing
topic Wire-laser directed energy deposition
Hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
Laves phase
Microstructure and mechanical properties
Remanufacturing
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016692
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