Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health concern and has persisted through the emergence of variants that have caused subsequent waves of COVID-19 due to the high dispersion and contagiousness of the virus. The aim of this work was to analyze the epidemiolog...

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Main Authors: Eduardo García-Moncada, Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz, María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano, Andrés Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas, Sonia Chávez-Ocaña, Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz, Magnolia del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández, Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza, Georgina Victoria-Acosta, Erika Gomez-Zamora, Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara, Juan Manuel Bello-López
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19753
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author Eduardo García-Moncada
Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz
María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano
Andrés Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
Sonia Chávez-Ocaña
Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
Magnolia del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández
Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza
Georgina Victoria-Acosta
Erika Gomez-Zamora
Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara
Juan Manuel Bello-López
author_facet Eduardo García-Moncada
Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz
María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano
Andrés Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
Sonia Chávez-Ocaña
Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
Magnolia del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández
Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza
Georgina Victoria-Acosta
Erika Gomez-Zamora
Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara
Juan Manuel Bello-López
author_sort Eduardo García-Moncada
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health concern and has persisted through the emergence of variants that have caused subsequent waves of COVID-19 due to the high dispersion and contagiousness of the virus. The aim of this work was to analyze the epidemiology of the cases of reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants during the third and fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Hospital Juárez de México (HJM). Methodology: A prospective study of the cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, variants detected, symptoms, and associated comorbidities was carried out on 1,347 patients who attended the HJM from September 2021 to July 2022. Results: 760 (56.4%) and 587 (43.6%) patients were negative and positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The Omicron variant was the most frequent and the most common symptoms were: cough (80%), headache (61.32%), fever (51.6%), and dyspnea (40%). A higher proportion of females were vaccinated, ranging from one dose to the complete schedule. The factors that were associated with a greater risk of death from complications of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were male gender, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Females were the most susceptible to an Omicron reinfection event, even though they were vaccinated. However, the risk of death was higher when the patient was male; being male was a potential risk factor for death from COVID-19 and comorbidities.
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publisher The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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spelling doaj-art-e877c3307f5c4488a915bcf1d2524c172025-08-20T02:27:19ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-09-011809.110.3855/jidc.19753Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemicEduardo García-Moncada0Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz1María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano2Andrés Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas3Sonia Chávez-Ocaña4Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz5Magnolia del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández6Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza7Georgina Victoria-Acosta8Erika Gomez-Zamora9Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara10Juan Manuel Bello-López11Hospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Regional de Alta Especialidad “Bicentenario de la Independencia”. ISSSTE, Estado de México. MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoEscuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, MéxicoHospital Juárez de México, CDMX, México Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health concern and has persisted through the emergence of variants that have caused subsequent waves of COVID-19 due to the high dispersion and contagiousness of the virus. The aim of this work was to analyze the epidemiology of the cases of reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants during the third and fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Hospital Juárez de México (HJM). Methodology: A prospective study of the cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, variants detected, symptoms, and associated comorbidities was carried out on 1,347 patients who attended the HJM from September 2021 to July 2022. Results: 760 (56.4%) and 587 (43.6%) patients were negative and positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The Omicron variant was the most frequent and the most common symptoms were: cough (80%), headache (61.32%), fever (51.6%), and dyspnea (40%). A higher proportion of females were vaccinated, ranging from one dose to the complete schedule. The factors that were associated with a greater risk of death from complications of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were male gender, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Females were the most susceptible to an Omicron reinfection event, even though they were vaccinated. However, the risk of death was higher when the patient was male; being male was a potential risk factor for death from COVID-19 and comorbidities. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19753SARS-CoV-2variantsCOVID-19pandemic waves
spellingShingle Eduardo García-Moncada
Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz
María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano
Andrés Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
Sonia Chávez-Ocaña
Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
Magnolia del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández
Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza
Georgina Victoria-Acosta
Erika Gomez-Zamora
Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara
Juan Manuel Bello-López
Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
SARS-CoV-2
variants
COVID-19
pandemic waves
title Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_short Epidemiology of reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort epidemiology of reinfections by sars cov 2 variants during the third and fourth waves of the covid 19 pandemic
topic SARS-CoV-2
variants
COVID-19
pandemic waves
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19753
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