Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study
Abstract Background and objective This study provides updated estimates of stroke burden, risk factors, and their trends in North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region from 1990 to 2021, which are essential for effective healthcare and resource allocation. Methods Data were obtained from the Global B...
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2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04298-y |
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| author | Parisa Fallahtafti Amirhossein Habibzadeh Negar Ghasemloo Amin Ghanbari Morvarid Taebi Kaveh Hosseini Hamidreza Soleimani |
| author_facet | Parisa Fallahtafti Amirhossein Habibzadeh Negar Ghasemloo Amin Ghanbari Morvarid Taebi Kaveh Hosseini Hamidreza Soleimani |
| author_sort | Parisa Fallahtafti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background and objective This study provides updated estimates of stroke burden, risk factors, and their trends in North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region from 1990 to 2021, which are essential for effective healthcare and resource allocation. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, which provides comprehensive epidemiological estimates for stroke across 21 countries in the NAME super region. We calculated age-standardized rates for prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using the GBD standard population. Decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the contributions of population growth, aging, and changes in age-specific incidence rates to the overall stroke burden. Results There was a significant increase in absolute numbers of stroke cases, deaths, and DALYs in the NAME region from 1990 to 2021, with a total of 614,803.8 new stroke cases in 2021, representing a 101.2% increase since 1990. Despite this rise, age-standardized rates for incidence, mortality, and DALYs decreased significantly. High systolic blood pressure, air pollution, and high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were identified as the leading risk factors contributing to stroke mortality in the region in 2021. Conclusion Stroke remains a pressing public health issue in the NAME region, marked by rising absolute case numbers but declining age-standardized rates. This trend may reflect improvements in stroke awareness, early detection, and medical advancements, though the extent varies across countries. Significant disparities exist, as lower-income nations face greater challenges in prevention, acute care, and rehabilitation compared to higher-income countries with better healthcare infrastructure. Addressing these gaps through targeted policies and resource allocation is crucial to improving stroke outcomes across the region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e872b9e504de4e8cae5401b6cd619cc9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2377 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e872b9e504de4e8cae5401b6cd619cc92025-08-20T04:01:35ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772025-07-0125111310.1186/s12883-025-04298-yStroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease studyParisa Fallahtafti0Amirhossein Habibzadeh1Negar Ghasemloo2Amin Ghanbari3Morvarid Taebi4Kaveh Hosseini5Hamidreza Soleimani6Eye Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran Heart Center, ardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran Heart Center, ardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background and objective This study provides updated estimates of stroke burden, risk factors, and their trends in North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region from 1990 to 2021, which are essential for effective healthcare and resource allocation. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, which provides comprehensive epidemiological estimates for stroke across 21 countries in the NAME super region. We calculated age-standardized rates for prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using the GBD standard population. Decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the contributions of population growth, aging, and changes in age-specific incidence rates to the overall stroke burden. Results There was a significant increase in absolute numbers of stroke cases, deaths, and DALYs in the NAME region from 1990 to 2021, with a total of 614,803.8 new stroke cases in 2021, representing a 101.2% increase since 1990. Despite this rise, age-standardized rates for incidence, mortality, and DALYs decreased significantly. High systolic blood pressure, air pollution, and high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were identified as the leading risk factors contributing to stroke mortality in the region in 2021. Conclusion Stroke remains a pressing public health issue in the NAME region, marked by rising absolute case numbers but declining age-standardized rates. This trend may reflect improvements in stroke awareness, early detection, and medical advancements, though the extent varies across countries. Significant disparities exist, as lower-income nations face greater challenges in prevention, acute care, and rehabilitation compared to higher-income countries with better healthcare infrastructure. Addressing these gaps through targeted policies and resource allocation is crucial to improving stroke outcomes across the region.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04298-yGlobal burden of diseaseStrokeAfrica, NorthernMiddle East |
| spellingShingle | Parisa Fallahtafti Amirhossein Habibzadeh Negar Ghasemloo Amin Ghanbari Morvarid Taebi Kaveh Hosseini Hamidreza Soleimani Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study BMC Neurology Global burden of disease Stroke Africa, Northern Middle East |
| title | Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| title_full | Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| title_fullStr | Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| title_short | Stroke burden in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| title_sort | stroke burden in north africa and the middle east 1990 2021 an analysis based on the global burden of disease study |
| topic | Global burden of disease Stroke Africa, Northern Middle East |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04298-y |
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