Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits

In order to meet the application requirements for high-precision and low-noise accelerometers in micro-vibration measurement and navigation fields, this paper presents the design and testing of an ultra-high-capacitance resolution capacitive readout circuit with attofarad-level precision. First, a d...

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Main Authors: Guoteng Ren, Saifei Yuan, Jingjing Peng, Ruitao Liu, Yuhao Feng, Haonan Liu, Wenshuai Lu, Fei Xing, Ting Sun, Shijie Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2461
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author Guoteng Ren
Saifei Yuan
Jingjing Peng
Ruitao Liu
Yuhao Feng
Haonan Liu
Wenshuai Lu
Fei Xing
Ting Sun
Shijie Yu
author_facet Guoteng Ren
Saifei Yuan
Jingjing Peng
Ruitao Liu
Yuhao Feng
Haonan Liu
Wenshuai Lu
Fei Xing
Ting Sun
Shijie Yu
author_sort Guoteng Ren
collection DOAJ
description In order to meet the application requirements for high-precision and low-noise accelerometers in micro-vibration measurement and navigation fields, this paper presents the design and testing of an ultra-high-capacitance resolution capacitive readout circuit with attofarad-level precision. First, a differential charge amplifier circuit is employed for the first stage of capacitance detection. To suppress noise interference in the circuit, a frequency-domain modulation technique is utilized to mitigate low-frequency noise. Subsequently, a differential subtraction circuit is implemented to reduce common-mode noise. Additionally, an improved filtering circuit is designed to suppress noise interference in the final stage. The test results indicate that the designed circuit operates at a carrier frequency of 1 MHz, achieving a capacitance resolution of up to 0.103 aF/H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and a noise floor of 25.6 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g/H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, thereby meeting the requirements for high-precision and low-noise capacitance detection in MEMS accelerometers.
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issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-e8720a0436ed432fb1268e3f842a06a72025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258246110.3390/s25082461Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout CircuitsGuoteng Ren0Saifei Yuan1Jingjing Peng2Ruitao Liu3Yuhao Feng4Haonan Liu5Wenshuai Lu6Fei Xing7Ting Sun8Shijie Yu9College of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100095, ChinaCollege of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaCollege of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100095, ChinaDepartment of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaCollege of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaCollege of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, ChinaIn order to meet the application requirements for high-precision and low-noise accelerometers in micro-vibration measurement and navigation fields, this paper presents the design and testing of an ultra-high-capacitance resolution capacitive readout circuit with attofarad-level precision. First, a differential charge amplifier circuit is employed for the first stage of capacitance detection. To suppress noise interference in the circuit, a frequency-domain modulation technique is utilized to mitigate low-frequency noise. Subsequently, a differential subtraction circuit is implemented to reduce common-mode noise. Additionally, an improved filtering circuit is designed to suppress noise interference in the final stage. The test results indicate that the designed circuit operates at a carrier frequency of 1 MHz, achieving a capacitance resolution of up to 0.103 aF/H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and a noise floor of 25.6 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g/H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, thereby meeting the requirements for high-precision and low-noise capacitance detection in MEMS accelerometers.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2461accelerometerhigh-resolution capacitancelow noisereadout circuit
spellingShingle Guoteng Ren
Saifei Yuan
Jingjing Peng
Ruitao Liu
Yuhao Feng
Haonan Liu
Wenshuai Lu
Fei Xing
Ting Sun
Shijie Yu
Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
Sensors
accelerometer
high-resolution capacitance
low noise
readout circuit
title Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
title_full Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
title_fullStr Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
title_full_unstemmed Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
title_short Attofarad-Class Ultra-High-Capacitance Resolution Capacitive Readout Circuits
title_sort attofarad class ultra high capacitance resolution capacitive readout circuits
topic accelerometer
high-resolution capacitance
low noise
readout circuit
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2461
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AT jingjingpeng attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT ruitaoliu attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT yuhaofeng attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT haonanliu attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT wenshuailu attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT feixing attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT tingsun attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits
AT shijieyu attofaradclassultrahighcapacitanceresolutioncapacitivereadoutcircuits