Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere
<p>We use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes have represented solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity. We found that increased saturation of radio fluxes during the last two extended solar m...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/43/175/2025/angeo-43-175-2025.pdf |
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| author | L. Qian K. Mursula |
| author_facet | L. Qian K. Mursula |
| author_sort | L. Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes have represented solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity. We found that increased saturation of radio fluxes during the last two extended solar minima leads to an overestimation of solar energy deposition, which manifests as a change in the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F10.7. On the other hand, the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F30 remains nearly the same throughout the whole studied period because of a recently found relative increase of F30 with respect to F10.7. This explains the earlier finding that F30 correlates better with several ionospheric and thermospheric parameters than F10.7 during recent decades. We note that continued evaluation is needed to see how well F10.7 and F30 will serve as solar proxies in the future when solar activity may start increasing toward the next grand maximum.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e86c9d824e5e407a93411a3e1d087eac |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj-art-e86c9d824e5e407a93411a3e1d087eac2025-08-20T02:44:28ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762025-02-014317518210.5194/angeo-43-175-2025Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphereL. Qian0K. Mursula1High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USASpace Climate Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland<p>We use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes have represented solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity. We found that increased saturation of radio fluxes during the last two extended solar minima leads to an overestimation of solar energy deposition, which manifests as a change in the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F10.7. On the other hand, the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F30 remains nearly the same throughout the whole studied period because of a recently found relative increase of F30 with respect to F10.7. This explains the earlier finding that F30 correlates better with several ionospheric and thermospheric parameters than F10.7 during recent decades. We note that continued evaluation is needed to see how well F10.7 and F30 will serve as solar proxies in the future when solar activity may start increasing toward the next grand maximum.</p>https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/43/175/2025/angeo-43-175-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Qian K. Mursula Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere Annales Geophysicae |
| title | Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| title_full | Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| title_short | Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| title_sort | evaluating f10 7 and f30 radio fluxes as long term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere |
| url | https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/43/175/2025/angeo-43-175-2025.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lqian evaluatingf107andf30radiofluxesaslongtermsolarproxiesofenergydepositioninthethermosphere AT kmursula evaluatingf107andf30radiofluxesaslongtermsolarproxiesofenergydepositioninthethermosphere |