Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations
The application of fertilizers is necessary for continuous replenishment of plants nutrients, sustaining the productivity of soils. Inorganic fertilizers are very simple, chemically defined, water soluble, and easily absorbed for immediate and reproducible responses in plants. In excess of plants ne...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Environmental Pollution and Management |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950305124000068 |
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| author | Christian O. Asadu Chinonso Anthony Ezema Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chijioke Elijah Onu Ikechukwu Maxwell Onoh Thomas Adejoh Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba Churchill Chisom Ogbonna Patricia Ihuaku Otuh Japheth O. Okoye Umeagukwu O. Emmanuel |
| author_facet | Christian O. Asadu Chinonso Anthony Ezema Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chijioke Elijah Onu Ikechukwu Maxwell Onoh Thomas Adejoh Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba Churchill Chisom Ogbonna Patricia Ihuaku Otuh Japheth O. Okoye Umeagukwu O. Emmanuel |
| author_sort | Christian O. Asadu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The application of fertilizers is necessary for continuous replenishment of plants nutrients, sustaining the productivity of soils. Inorganic fertilizers are very simple, chemically defined, water soluble, and easily absorbed for immediate and reproducible responses in plants. In excess of plants needs however, they do not only scorch plants, but are also lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. Prolonged usage leads to reduced soil quality, soil acidification (accompanied by dissolution of soil carbonate and greenhouse gases emission), and contamination of underground water. Increasing nutrients use efficiency ameliorates these problems by ensuring a better synchronization of nutrients availability with nutrients uptake. Without increasing the frequency of fertilization and the associated labor cost (encountered in split-fertilization), enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) gradually make nutrients available over a long period of time, ensuring that plants needs are met after a single seasonal fertilization, without compromising the integrity of soil. EEFs do not only benefits the environment by retarding nutrients availability; some of the materials used in EEFs formulation also impact beneficial qualities (e.g., improved soil structure, and reduced erosion) to soil. The production of EEFs, such as coated fertilizers, depending on the nature of the coat, are not completely environmentally and cost friendly; and the effects of certain EEFs are not easily reproducible due to variability between fertilizer batches and soil conditions. These challenges in development and application of different EEFs, and potential solutions, materials used in their formulation, in addition to the advantages of their usage are discussed. The information contained herein are expected to arouse more research in sustainable development of EEFs and assist farmers in selecting the best kind of fertilizers, depending on the plants and soil condition, for improved crops production, while sustaining soil health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e863db91c5ec49239c806e725046a15c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2950-3051 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Pollution and Management |
| spelling | doaj-art-e863db91c5ec49239c806e725046a15c2025-08-20T03:42:56ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Environmental Pollution and Management2950-30512024-10-011324810.1016/j.epm.2024.07.002Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerationsChristian O. Asadu0Chinonso Anthony Ezema1Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme2Chijioke Elijah Onu3Ikechukwu Maxwell Onoh4Thomas Adejoh5Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba6Churchill Chisom Ogbonna7Patricia Ihuaku Otuh8Japheth O. Okoye9Umeagukwu O. Emmanuel10Department of Biomedical Engineering, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B 211 Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; International Institute for Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B 211 Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Correspondence to: Department of Biomedical Engineering, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060–0810, JapanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, NigeriaDepartment of Radiography and Radiation Science, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B 211 Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; International Institute for Nuclear Medicine and Allied Health Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B 211 Uburu, Ebonyi State, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Enugu State, NigeriaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B 211 Uburu, Ebonyi State, NigeriaDepartment of Public Health, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; International Institute for Infectious Diseases, Biosafety and Biosecurity Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, NigeriaThe application of fertilizers is necessary for continuous replenishment of plants nutrients, sustaining the productivity of soils. Inorganic fertilizers are very simple, chemically defined, water soluble, and easily absorbed for immediate and reproducible responses in plants. In excess of plants needs however, they do not only scorch plants, but are also lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. Prolonged usage leads to reduced soil quality, soil acidification (accompanied by dissolution of soil carbonate and greenhouse gases emission), and contamination of underground water. Increasing nutrients use efficiency ameliorates these problems by ensuring a better synchronization of nutrients availability with nutrients uptake. Without increasing the frequency of fertilization and the associated labor cost (encountered in split-fertilization), enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) gradually make nutrients available over a long period of time, ensuring that plants needs are met after a single seasonal fertilization, without compromising the integrity of soil. EEFs do not only benefits the environment by retarding nutrients availability; some of the materials used in EEFs formulation also impact beneficial qualities (e.g., improved soil structure, and reduced erosion) to soil. The production of EEFs, such as coated fertilizers, depending on the nature of the coat, are not completely environmentally and cost friendly; and the effects of certain EEFs are not easily reproducible due to variability between fertilizer batches and soil conditions. These challenges in development and application of different EEFs, and potential solutions, materials used in their formulation, in addition to the advantages of their usage are discussed. The information contained herein are expected to arouse more research in sustainable development of EEFs and assist farmers in selecting the best kind of fertilizers, depending on the plants and soil condition, for improved crops production, while sustaining soil health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950305124000068Inorganic fertilizersCoated fertilizersBiopolymersOrganic fertilizersSlow-release fertilizersComposting |
| spellingShingle | Christian O. Asadu Chinonso Anthony Ezema Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chijioke Elijah Onu Ikechukwu Maxwell Onoh Thomas Adejoh Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba Churchill Chisom Ogbonna Patricia Ihuaku Otuh Japheth O. Okoye Umeagukwu O. Emmanuel Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations Environmental Pollution and Management Inorganic fertilizers Coated fertilizers Biopolymers Organic fertilizers Slow-release fertilizers Composting |
| title | Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations |
| title_full | Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations |
| title_short | Enhanced efficiency fertilizers: Overview of production methods, materials used, nutrients release mechanisms, benefits and considerations |
| title_sort | enhanced efficiency fertilizers overview of production methods materials used nutrients release mechanisms benefits and considerations |
| topic | Inorganic fertilizers Coated fertilizers Biopolymers Organic fertilizers Slow-release fertilizers Composting |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950305124000068 |
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