Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell

This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to...

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Main Authors: Naruebet Khammongkhon, Phanuwat Niropas, Chanikan Pomusa, Bandit Suksawat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Engineering Proceedings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/84/1/43
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author Naruebet Khammongkhon
Phanuwat Niropas
Chanikan Pomusa
Bandit Suksawat
author_facet Naruebet Khammongkhon
Phanuwat Niropas
Chanikan Pomusa
Bandit Suksawat
author_sort Naruebet Khammongkhon
collection DOAJ
description This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The primary structure utilizes a cantilever concept, in which cutting forces induce deformation, compressing strategically positioned load cells. A 300 kgf load cell measures the main cutting force, while a 100 kgf load cell detects the feed force. Additionally, a 20 kgf load cell measures the radial force through a sliding tool holder mechanism. Finite element analysis was employed to optimize the dynamometer’s parameters, striking a balance between maximum deflection and structural integrity. The optimized design achieved a safety factor of 4.377, with maximum deflections of 8.81 µm and 9.89 µm for the main cutting and feed force measurements, respectively. Static calibration of the load cells demonstrated robust correlations between voltage and force, with the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values exceeding 0.999. The system’s precision was evaluated through cutting experiments on mild steel of varying depths (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mm) and feed rates (0.105, 0.150, 0.210 mm/rev). The experimental results indicate that the main cutting force consistently exceeded feed and radial forces across all conditions. The system exhibited high precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) percentages below 5% on average and not exceeding 7.5% in individual experiments. This modular dynamometer design offers a flexible, precise, and cost-effective solution for cutting force measurement in turning operations. Its modularity facilitates easy maintenance and adaptation to various cutting conditions, rendering the developed modular turning dynamometer suitable for both research and industrial applications.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2673-4591
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spelling doaj-art-e85fc679ae0a4709a0fbce370839cd662025-08-20T03:24:37ZengMDPI AGEngineering Proceedings2673-45912025-02-018414310.3390/engproc2025084043Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load CellNaruebet Khammongkhon0Phanuwat Niropas1Chanikan Pomusa2Bandit Suksawat3Department of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, ThailandDepartment of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, ThailandDepartment of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, ThailandDepartment of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, ThailandThis study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The primary structure utilizes a cantilever concept, in which cutting forces induce deformation, compressing strategically positioned load cells. A 300 kgf load cell measures the main cutting force, while a 100 kgf load cell detects the feed force. Additionally, a 20 kgf load cell measures the radial force through a sliding tool holder mechanism. Finite element analysis was employed to optimize the dynamometer’s parameters, striking a balance between maximum deflection and structural integrity. The optimized design achieved a safety factor of 4.377, with maximum deflections of 8.81 µm and 9.89 µm for the main cutting and feed force measurements, respectively. Static calibration of the load cells demonstrated robust correlations between voltage and force, with the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values exceeding 0.999. The system’s precision was evaluated through cutting experiments on mild steel of varying depths (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mm) and feed rates (0.105, 0.150, 0.210 mm/rev). The experimental results indicate that the main cutting force consistently exceeded feed and radial forces across all conditions. The system exhibited high precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) percentages below 5% on average and not exceeding 7.5% in individual experiments. This modular dynamometer design offers a flexible, precise, and cost-effective solution for cutting force measurement in turning operations. Its modularity facilitates easy maintenance and adaptation to various cutting conditions, rendering the developed modular turning dynamometer suitable for both research and industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/84/1/43cutting force dynamometermodular three-axis cutting forcescutting force measurement systemmodular load cell installationcutting force uncertainty analysis
spellingShingle Naruebet Khammongkhon
Phanuwat Niropas
Chanikan Pomusa
Bandit Suksawat
Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
Engineering Proceedings
cutting force dynamometer
modular three-axis cutting forces
cutting force measurement system
modular load cell installation
cutting force uncertainty analysis
title Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
title_full Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
title_fullStr Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
title_full_unstemmed Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
title_short Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell
title_sort development and implementation of modular turning dynamometer with miniature load cell
topic cutting force dynamometer
modular three-axis cutting forces
cutting force measurement system
modular load cell installation
cutting force uncertainty analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/84/1/43
work_keys_str_mv AT naruebetkhammongkhon developmentandimplementationofmodularturningdynamometerwithminiatureloadcell
AT phanuwatniropas developmentandimplementationofmodularturningdynamometerwithminiatureloadcell
AT chanikanpomusa developmentandimplementationofmodularturningdynamometerwithminiatureloadcell
AT banditsuksawat developmentandimplementationofmodularturningdynamometerwithminiatureloadcell