Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach
This study applied various machine learning techniques, including shrinkage methods, XGBoost, CSR, and random forest, to forecast ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Seoul, South Korea. The analysis incorporated key variables known to significantly influence PM2.5 levels, includin...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/239 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849342562218803200 |
|---|---|
| author | Sophia Park Myeong Jun Kim |
| author_facet | Sophia Park Myeong Jun Kim |
| author_sort | Sophia Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study applied various machine learning techniques, including shrinkage methods, XGBoost, CSR, and random forest, to forecast ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Seoul, South Korea. The analysis incorporated key variables known to significantly influence PM2.5 levels, including meteorological data, coal-fired power generation, and PM2.5 concentrations in Dalian, China. Using daily data from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2023, this study employed the Boruta algorithm, a variable selection technique based on the random forest model, to identify the most influential predictors for predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Out-of-sample multi-period forecasts were evaluated for each model using the RMSE, MAE, and Giacomini–White test to determine the most effective forecasting approach. It was found that the random forest model with the Boruta algorithm outperformed all other models, achieving improvements of 4% to 17% in the RMSE and 4% to 16.5% in the MAE across all forecast horizons. The results indicate that the random forest model and its variant incorporating the Boruta algorithm provided superior short-term forecasting performance. In particular, the Boruta algorithm highlighted the lagged variables of temperature, PM2.5 concentration, mean humidity, and Dalian PM2.5 concentration as critical factors for the accurate prediction of PM2.5 levels in Seoul. These findings underscore the utility of data-driven approaches to improve air quality forecasting and management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e85b570c75a244ccb857365c5ebfebf2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-e85b570c75a244ccb857365c5ebfebf22025-08-20T03:43:21ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-02-0116323910.3390/atmos16030239Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning ApproachSophia Park0Myeong Jun Kim1Seoul International School, Seongnam-si 13113, Republic of KoreaDevision of International Studies, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehak-ro 56, Gongju-si 32588, Republic of KoreaThis study applied various machine learning techniques, including shrinkage methods, XGBoost, CSR, and random forest, to forecast ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Seoul, South Korea. The analysis incorporated key variables known to significantly influence PM2.5 levels, including meteorological data, coal-fired power generation, and PM2.5 concentrations in Dalian, China. Using daily data from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2023, this study employed the Boruta algorithm, a variable selection technique based on the random forest model, to identify the most influential predictors for predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Out-of-sample multi-period forecasts were evaluated for each model using the RMSE, MAE, and Giacomini–White test to determine the most effective forecasting approach. It was found that the random forest model with the Boruta algorithm outperformed all other models, achieving improvements of 4% to 17% in the RMSE and 4% to 16.5% in the MAE across all forecast horizons. The results indicate that the random forest model and its variant incorporating the Boruta algorithm provided superior short-term forecasting performance. In particular, the Boruta algorithm highlighted the lagged variables of temperature, PM2.5 concentration, mean humidity, and Dalian PM2.5 concentration as critical factors for the accurate prediction of PM2.5 levels in Seoul. These findings underscore the utility of data-driven approaches to improve air quality forecasting and management.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/239ultrafine dust concentrationPM2.5air qualitymachine learningforecastingrandom forest |
| spellingShingle | Sophia Park Myeong Jun Kim Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach Atmosphere ultrafine dust concentration PM2.5 air quality machine learning forecasting random forest |
| title | Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach |
| title_full | Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach |
| title_fullStr | Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach |
| title_short | Forecasting Ultrafine Dust Concentrations in Seoul: A Machine Learning Approach |
| title_sort | forecasting ultrafine dust concentrations in seoul a machine learning approach |
| topic | ultrafine dust concentration PM2.5 air quality machine learning forecasting random forest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/239 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sophiapark forecastingultrafinedustconcentrationsinseoulamachinelearningapproach AT myeongjunkim forecastingultrafinedustconcentrationsinseoulamachinelearningapproach |