Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter

Abstract To reduce the upsprung weight, cardan shafts are equipped in high-speed train to transmit torque from motor to gearbox. The driving safety and stability of the train are closely related to the condition of the cardan shaft, which may experience unbalance during operation. Therefore, vibrati...

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Main Authors: Hu Yongxu, Luo Kang, Yang Yaru, Luo Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04221-y
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author Hu Yongxu
Luo Kang
Yang Yaru
Luo Yan
author_facet Hu Yongxu
Luo Kang
Yang Yaru
Luo Yan
author_sort Hu Yongxu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To reduce the upsprung weight, cardan shafts are equipped in high-speed train to transmit torque from motor to gearbox. The driving safety and stability of the train are closely related to the condition of the cardan shaft, which may experience unbalance during operation. Therefore, vibration sensors are installed on the train to monitor the condition of the cardan shaft. In this study, a mechanical model of the cardan shaft was developed to elucidate the unbalance force characteristics of the cardan shaft with static unbalance. Based on the analysis of the unbalance force, a narrow bandpass filter constructed using the nonzero frequency filter (NZFF) was employed to extract unbalance signals from the measured signals. A double integration in time is applied to the extracted signal to eliminate the effect of circular frequency on the signal amplitude and mitigate signal noises caused by track irregularities. Efficient value of the extracted signal was used as an index to evaluate the static unbalance of the cardan shaft. Effects of mechanical suspension structures on value of the index were considered. Kalman filter was utilized to enhance the stability of the evaluated static unbalances. According to the experimental results, the static unbalances were accurately evaluated by the NZFF method.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-e847aff313b84d64aec8c536f1e8cb2b2025-08-20T03:25:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-04221-yReal-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filterHu Yongxu0Luo Kang1Yang Yaru2Luo Yan3School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu UniversityAbstract To reduce the upsprung weight, cardan shafts are equipped in high-speed train to transmit torque from motor to gearbox. The driving safety and stability of the train are closely related to the condition of the cardan shaft, which may experience unbalance during operation. Therefore, vibration sensors are installed on the train to monitor the condition of the cardan shaft. In this study, a mechanical model of the cardan shaft was developed to elucidate the unbalance force characteristics of the cardan shaft with static unbalance. Based on the analysis of the unbalance force, a narrow bandpass filter constructed using the nonzero frequency filter (NZFF) was employed to extract unbalance signals from the measured signals. A double integration in time is applied to the extracted signal to eliminate the effect of circular frequency on the signal amplitude and mitigate signal noises caused by track irregularities. Efficient value of the extracted signal was used as an index to evaluate the static unbalance of the cardan shaft. Effects of mechanical suspension structures on value of the index were considered. Kalman filter was utilized to enhance the stability of the evaluated static unbalances. According to the experimental results, the static unbalances were accurately evaluated by the NZFF method.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04221-yCardan shaftStatic unbalance evaluationNonzero frequency filterHigh-speed trainDouble integrationKalman filter
spellingShingle Hu Yongxu
Luo Kang
Yang Yaru
Luo Yan
Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
Scientific Reports
Cardan shaft
Static unbalance evaluation
Nonzero frequency filter
High-speed train
Double integration
Kalman filter
title Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
title_full Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
title_fullStr Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
title_full_unstemmed Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
title_short Real-time static unbalance evaluation of the Cardan shaft equipped in high-speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
title_sort real time static unbalance evaluation of the cardan shaft equipped in high speed train based on nonzero frequency filter
topic Cardan shaft
Static unbalance evaluation
Nonzero frequency filter
High-speed train
Double integration
Kalman filter
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04221-y
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AT luokang realtimestaticunbalanceevaluationofthecardanshaftequippedinhighspeedtrainbasedonnonzerofrequencyfilter
AT yangyaru realtimestaticunbalanceevaluationofthecardanshaftequippedinhighspeedtrainbasedonnonzerofrequencyfilter
AT luoyan realtimestaticunbalanceevaluationofthecardanshaftequippedinhighspeedtrainbasedonnonzerofrequencyfilter