Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor
Abstract Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a technique utilized for the label-free detection of cancer cells. In this analysis, we introduce a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) designed with an open D-channel, featuring a layer of gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the plasmonic material. This eff...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95249-7 |
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| author | Mahla Ashrafian Saeed Olyaee Mahmood Seifouri |
| author_facet | Mahla Ashrafian Saeed Olyaee Mahmood Seifouri |
| author_sort | Mahla Ashrafian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a technique utilized for the label-free detection of cancer cells. In this analysis, we introduce a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) designed with an open D-channel, featuring a layer of gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the plasmonic material. This effectively reduces the gap between the fiber core and the gold layer, resulting in improved performance. Additionally, incorporating TiO2 between the gold and the silica substrate enhances their adhesion and contributes to a more robust structure. We conducted a comprehensive numerical analysis of the suggested biosensor utilizing the finite element method (FEM) integrated with perfectly matched layers (PML) within the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. The design of this sensor is specifically intended for the detection of molecules with a refractive index (RI) varying from 1.25 to 1.43, achieving an impressive peak spectral sensitivity of 47,000 nm/RIU. For this purpose, we investigated RI values from 1.36 to 1.401 concerning six different cancer cell types. The highest spectral sensitivity is 5214.285 nm/RIU, while the amplitude sensitivity is -1481.1 RIU− 1, which has been recorded for MCF-7 and HeLa cells. This proposed sensor shows improved amplitude sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), figure of merit (FOM), and detection limit (DL) compared to existing biosensors, highlighting its potential for biosensing applications. Additionally, it is significant that according to the results, HeLa cells have a maximum resolution of 1.19 × 10− 5 RIU and a FOM of 350 RIU− 1. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e83d799562234040854cfa483fb13de22025-08-20T02:10:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-95249-7Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensorMahla Ashrafian0Saeed Olyaee1Mahmood Seifouri2Nano-Photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityNano-Photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityAbstract Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a technique utilized for the label-free detection of cancer cells. In this analysis, we introduce a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) designed with an open D-channel, featuring a layer of gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the plasmonic material. This effectively reduces the gap between the fiber core and the gold layer, resulting in improved performance. Additionally, incorporating TiO2 between the gold and the silica substrate enhances their adhesion and contributes to a more robust structure. We conducted a comprehensive numerical analysis of the suggested biosensor utilizing the finite element method (FEM) integrated with perfectly matched layers (PML) within the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. The design of this sensor is specifically intended for the detection of molecules with a refractive index (RI) varying from 1.25 to 1.43, achieving an impressive peak spectral sensitivity of 47,000 nm/RIU. For this purpose, we investigated RI values from 1.36 to 1.401 concerning six different cancer cell types. The highest spectral sensitivity is 5214.285 nm/RIU, while the amplitude sensitivity is -1481.1 RIU− 1, which has been recorded for MCF-7 and HeLa cells. This proposed sensor shows improved amplitude sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), figure of merit (FOM), and detection limit (DL) compared to existing biosensors, highlighting its potential for biosensing applications. Additionally, it is significant that according to the results, HeLa cells have a maximum resolution of 1.19 × 10− 5 RIU and a FOM of 350 RIU− 1.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95249-7Photonic crystal fiber (PCF)BiosensorSurface plasmon resonance (SPR)MicrochannelCancerous cells |
| spellingShingle | Mahla Ashrafian Saeed Olyaee Mahmood Seifouri Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor Scientific Reports Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) Biosensor Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) Microchannel Cancerous cells |
| title | Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor |
| title_full | Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor |
| title_fullStr | Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor |
| title_short | Highly sensitive cancer detection using an open D-channel PCF-based SPR biosensor |
| title_sort | highly sensitive cancer detection using an open d channel pcf based spr biosensor |
| topic | Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) Biosensor Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) Microchannel Cancerous cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95249-7 |
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