Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke

Background The prognostic value of shock index (SI), heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, in stroke for clinical outcomes other than mortality is not well understood. Methods and Results We examined the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke (GWTG‐Stroke) data to explore the usefulness of SI in pr...

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Main Authors: Phyo Kyaw Myint, Shubin Sheng, Ying Xian, Roland A. Matsouaka, Mathew J. Reeves, Jeffrey L. Saver, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gregg C. Fonarow, Lee H. Schwamm, Eric E. Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-09-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007581
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author Phyo Kyaw Myint
Shubin Sheng
Ying Xian
Roland A. Matsouaka
Mathew J. Reeves
Jeffrey L. Saver
Deepak L. Bhatt
Gregg C. Fonarow
Lee H. Schwamm
Eric E. Smith
author_facet Phyo Kyaw Myint
Shubin Sheng
Ying Xian
Roland A. Matsouaka
Mathew J. Reeves
Jeffrey L. Saver
Deepak L. Bhatt
Gregg C. Fonarow
Lee H. Schwamm
Eric E. Smith
author_sort Phyo Kyaw Myint
collection DOAJ
description Background The prognostic value of shock index (SI), heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, in stroke for clinical outcomes other than mortality is not well understood. Methods and Results We examined the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke (GWTG‐Stroke) data to explore the usefulness of SI in predicting in‐hospital outcomes in 425 808 acute stroke cases (mean age: 71.0±14.5 years; 48.8% male; 89.7% ischemic stroke and 10.3% intracerebral hemorrhage) admitted between October 2012 and March 2015. Compared with patients with SI of 0.5 to 0.7, patients with SI >0.7 (13.6% of the sample) had worse outcomes, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–2.08) for in‐hospital mortality, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.43–1.49) for longer length of hospital stay >4 days, 1.50 (95% CI, 1.47–1.54) for discharge destination other than home, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.38–1.45) for inability to ambulate independently at discharge, and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.47–1.57) for modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6 at discharge. Results were similar when analyses were confined to those with available National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or within individual stroke subtypes or when SI was additionally included in the models with or without blood pressure components. Every 0.1 increase in SI >0.5 was associated with significantly worse outcomes in linear spline models. The addition of SI to existing GWTG‐Stroke mortality prediction models without NIHSS demonstrated modest improvement, but little to no improvement was noted in models with NIHSS. Conclusions SI calculated at the point of care may be a useful prognostic indicator to identify those with high risk of poor outcomes in acute stroke, especially in hospitals with limited experience with NIHSS assessment.
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spelling doaj-art-e835f20a7ff142f4b148e4c1d43b2d9a2025-08-20T02:02:57ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802018-09-0171810.1161/JAHA.117.007581Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in StrokePhyo Kyaw Myint0Shubin Sheng1Ying Xian2Roland A. Matsouaka3Mathew J. Reeves4Jeffrey L. Saver5Deepak L. Bhatt6Gregg C. Fonarow7Lee H. Schwamm8Eric E. Smith9Institute of Applied Health Sciences School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen United KingdomDuke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NCDuke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NCDuke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine Durham NCDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University Michigan MIStroke Program Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CABrigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center Harvard Medical School Harvard University Boston MADivision of Cardiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CADepartment of Neurology, Stroke Service Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MACalgary Stroke Programme & Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary CanadaBackground The prognostic value of shock index (SI), heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, in stroke for clinical outcomes other than mortality is not well understood. Methods and Results We examined the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke (GWTG‐Stroke) data to explore the usefulness of SI in predicting in‐hospital outcomes in 425 808 acute stroke cases (mean age: 71.0±14.5 years; 48.8% male; 89.7% ischemic stroke and 10.3% intracerebral hemorrhage) admitted between October 2012 and March 2015. Compared with patients with SI of 0.5 to 0.7, patients with SI >0.7 (13.6% of the sample) had worse outcomes, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–2.08) for in‐hospital mortality, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.43–1.49) for longer length of hospital stay >4 days, 1.50 (95% CI, 1.47–1.54) for discharge destination other than home, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.38–1.45) for inability to ambulate independently at discharge, and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.47–1.57) for modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6 at discharge. Results were similar when analyses were confined to those with available National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or within individual stroke subtypes or when SI was additionally included in the models with or without blood pressure components. Every 0.1 increase in SI >0.5 was associated with significantly worse outcomes in linear spline models. The addition of SI to existing GWTG‐Stroke mortality prediction models without NIHSS demonstrated modest improvement, but little to no improvement was noted in models with NIHSS. Conclusions SI calculated at the point of care may be a useful prognostic indicator to identify those with high risk of poor outcomes in acute stroke, especially in hospitals with limited experience with NIHSS assessment.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007581length of staymortalityprognosisshock index
spellingShingle Phyo Kyaw Myint
Shubin Sheng
Ying Xian
Roland A. Matsouaka
Mathew J. Reeves
Jeffrey L. Saver
Deepak L. Bhatt
Gregg C. Fonarow
Lee H. Schwamm
Eric E. Smith
Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
length of stay
mortality
prognosis
shock index
title Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
title_full Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
title_fullStr Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
title_short Shock Index Predicts Patient‐Related Clinical Outcomes in Stroke
title_sort shock index predicts patient related clinical outcomes in stroke
topic length of stay
mortality
prognosis
shock index
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007581
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AT mathewjreeves shockindexpredictspatientrelatedclinicaloutcomesinstroke
AT jeffreylsaver shockindexpredictspatientrelatedclinicaloutcomesinstroke
AT deepaklbhatt shockindexpredictspatientrelatedclinicaloutcomesinstroke
AT greggcfonarow shockindexpredictspatientrelatedclinicaloutcomesinstroke
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