Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast

Precipitation exceedance probabilities are widely used in engineering design, risk assessment, and floodplain management. While common approaches like National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 assume that extreme precipitation characteristics are stationary over time, thi...

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Main Authors: Yuchen Lu, Benjamin Seiyon Lee, James Doss-Gollin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Climate
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adf56e
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author Yuchen Lu
Benjamin Seiyon Lee
James Doss-Gollin
author_facet Yuchen Lu
Benjamin Seiyon Lee
James Doss-Gollin
author_sort Yuchen Lu
collection DOAJ
description Precipitation exceedance probabilities are widely used in engineering design, risk assessment, and floodplain management. While common approaches like National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 assume that extreme precipitation characteristics are stationary over time, this assumption may underestimate current and future hazards due to anthropogenic climate change. However, the incorporation of nonstationarity in statistical modeling of extreme precipitation has faced practical challenges, which have restricted its applications. In particular, random sampling variability challenges the reliable estimation of trends and parameters, especially when observational records are limited. To address this methodological gap, we propose the Spatially Varying Covariates Model, a hierarchical Bayesian spatial framework that integrates nonstationarity and regionalization for robust frequency analysis of extreme precipitation. This model draws from extreme value theory, spatial statistics, and Bayesian statistics, and is validated through cross-validation and multiple performance metrics. Applying this framework to a case study of daily rainfall in the Western Gulf Coast, we identify robustly increasing trends in extreme precipitation intensity and variability throughout the study area, with notable spatial heterogeneity. This flexible model accommodates stations with varying observation records, yields smooth return level estimates, and can be straightforwardly adapted to the analysis of precipitation frequencies at different durations and for other regions.
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spelling doaj-art-e8351f4f052b4615a090ee2ebe2849d22025-08-22T16:09:42ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Climate2752-52952025-01-014303501610.1088/2752-5295/adf56eBayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf CoastYuchen Lu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-0364Benjamin Seiyon Lee1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-7458James Doss-Gollin2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-2224Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005, United States of AmericaDepartment of Statistics, George Mason University , Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of AmericaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005, United States of America; Ken Kennedy Institute, Rice University , Houston, TX 77005, United States of AmericaPrecipitation exceedance probabilities are widely used in engineering design, risk assessment, and floodplain management. While common approaches like National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 assume that extreme precipitation characteristics are stationary over time, this assumption may underestimate current and future hazards due to anthropogenic climate change. However, the incorporation of nonstationarity in statistical modeling of extreme precipitation has faced practical challenges, which have restricted its applications. In particular, random sampling variability challenges the reliable estimation of trends and parameters, especially when observational records are limited. To address this methodological gap, we propose the Spatially Varying Covariates Model, a hierarchical Bayesian spatial framework that integrates nonstationarity and regionalization for robust frequency analysis of extreme precipitation. This model draws from extreme value theory, spatial statistics, and Bayesian statistics, and is validated through cross-validation and multiple performance metrics. Applying this framework to a case study of daily rainfall in the Western Gulf Coast, we identify robustly increasing trends in extreme precipitation intensity and variability throughout the study area, with notable spatial heterogeneity. This flexible model accommodates stations with varying observation records, yields smooth return level estimates, and can be straightforwardly adapted to the analysis of precipitation frequencies at different durations and for other regions.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adf56eprecipitation frequency analysisnonstationary risk assessmentstatistical hydrologyextreme rainfallBayesian statistics
spellingShingle Yuchen Lu
Benjamin Seiyon Lee
James Doss-Gollin
Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
Environmental Research: Climate
precipitation frequency analysis
nonstationary risk assessment
statistical hydrology
extreme rainfall
Bayesian statistics
title Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
title_full Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
title_fullStr Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
title_full_unstemmed Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
title_short Bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the Western Gulf Coast
title_sort bayesian spatiotemporal nonstationary model quantifies robust increases in daily extreme rainfall across the western gulf coast
topic precipitation frequency analysis
nonstationary risk assessment
statistical hydrology
extreme rainfall
Bayesian statistics
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adf56e
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