The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
We have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345 |
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| author | Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai |
| author_facet | Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai |
| author_sort | Lili Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting probability when receiving i. By using computer simulations with C++ builder, we have provided the dynamics of the greedy and altruistic strategies and found that the proportion evolution of the “greedy” strategy for different initial cases is approximately 60%. Furthermore, the explanations for the interesting phenomenon are presented from different aspects. In addition, we illustrate that the factor of the expectation level (aspiration level) in the updating rule plays an important role in the promotion of altruistic behaviors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e82e00a381f844419e7d5a8e0be0eaef |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1026-0226 1607-887X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-e82e00a381f844419e7d5a8e0be0eaef2025-08-20T02:21:39ZengWileyDiscrete Dynamics in Nature and Society1026-02261607-887X2016-01-01201610.1155/2016/85173458517345The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation LevelLili Deng0Wei Zhang1Cheng Wang2Yi Han3Jianhu Cai4Institute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute of Industrial Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaWe have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting probability when receiving i. By using computer simulations with C++ builder, we have provided the dynamics of the greedy and altruistic strategies and found that the proportion evolution of the “greedy” strategy for different initial cases is approximately 60%. Furthermore, the explanations for the interesting phenomenon are presented from different aspects. In addition, we illustrate that the factor of the expectation level (aspiration level) in the updating rule plays an important role in the promotion of altruistic behaviors.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345 |
| spellingShingle | Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society |
| title | The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level |
| title_full | The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level |
| title_fullStr | The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level |
| title_short | The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level |
| title_sort | dynamics of the discrete ultimatum game and the role of the expectation level |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345 |
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