A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region

Due to ongoing climate change, urban areas face increasing challenges associated with rising temperatures and growing energy demand. Green roofs have emerged as a sustainable, nature-based solution to enhance urban resilience. This study presents a systematic review of the thermal and energy perform...

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Main Authors: Edoardo De Cristo, Luca Evangelisti, Leone Barbaro, Roberto De Lieto Vollaro, Francesco Asdrubali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2517
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author Edoardo De Cristo
Luca Evangelisti
Leone Barbaro
Roberto De Lieto Vollaro
Francesco Asdrubali
author_facet Edoardo De Cristo
Luca Evangelisti
Leone Barbaro
Roberto De Lieto Vollaro
Francesco Asdrubali
author_sort Edoardo De Cristo
collection DOAJ
description Due to ongoing climate change, urban areas face increasing challenges associated with rising temperatures and growing energy demand. Green roofs have emerged as a sustainable, nature-based solution to enhance urban resilience. This study presents a systematic review of the thermal and energy performance of green roofs in the Mediterranean region, and was conducted following the PRISMA framework. By identifying targeted research questions formulated using the PICO(C) structure, this review systematically evaluates the potential of green roofs to promote sustainable urban environments in Mediterranean regions. The findings highlight their effectiveness in mitigating heat stress, enhancing building energy efficiency, and counteracting urban temperature fluctuations, reinforcing their role as a key climate adaptation strategy in densely populated areas. The review also identifies critical research gaps that must be addressed to facilitate the large-scale adoption of green roofs. Specifically, the lack of long-term performance monitoring, the need for standardized assessment protocols, and the necessity of optimizing green roof configurations for Mediterranean subregions emerge as key areas for future investigation. This study bridges a crucial gap in the literature by providing a systematic, PRISMA-compliant evaluation. It offers the scientific community a robust knowledge base to inform policy, urban planning, and future research directions.
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spelling doaj-art-e81d6e4ce64f47e28e83dd74c4fd797a2025-08-20T01:56:19ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810251710.3390/en18102517A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean RegionEdoardo De Cristo0Luca Evangelisti1Leone Barbaro2Roberto De Lieto Vollaro3Francesco Asdrubali4Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma TRE University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of International Human and Social Sciences, Perugia Foreigners’ University, Piazza Fortebraccio 4, 06122 Perugia, ItalyDue to ongoing climate change, urban areas face increasing challenges associated with rising temperatures and growing energy demand. Green roofs have emerged as a sustainable, nature-based solution to enhance urban resilience. This study presents a systematic review of the thermal and energy performance of green roofs in the Mediterranean region, and was conducted following the PRISMA framework. By identifying targeted research questions formulated using the PICO(C) structure, this review systematically evaluates the potential of green roofs to promote sustainable urban environments in Mediterranean regions. The findings highlight their effectiveness in mitigating heat stress, enhancing building energy efficiency, and counteracting urban temperature fluctuations, reinforcing their role as a key climate adaptation strategy in densely populated areas. The review also identifies critical research gaps that must be addressed to facilitate the large-scale adoption of green roofs. Specifically, the lack of long-term performance monitoring, the need for standardized assessment protocols, and the necessity of optimizing green roof configurations for Mediterranean subregions emerge as key areas for future investigation. This study bridges a crucial gap in the literature by providing a systematic, PRISMA-compliant evaluation. It offers the scientific community a robust knowledge base to inform policy, urban planning, and future research directions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2517green roofsMediterranean climatethermal performanceenergy performanceurban resiliencepassive cooling strategies
spellingShingle Edoardo De Cristo
Luca Evangelisti
Leone Barbaro
Roberto De Lieto Vollaro
Francesco Asdrubali
A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
Energies
green roofs
Mediterranean climate
thermal performance
energy performance
urban resilience
passive cooling strategies
title A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
title_full A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
title_fullStr A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
title_short A Systematic Review of Green Roofs’ Thermal and Energy Performance in the Mediterranean Region
title_sort systematic review of green roofs thermal and energy performance in the mediterranean region
topic green roofs
Mediterranean climate
thermal performance
energy performance
urban resilience
passive cooling strategies
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2517
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