Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) contributes significantly to Ghana’s GDP and has made Ghana a recognized leader in the cocoa industry. However, there are myriad problems associated with Ghana’s cocoa bean quality. One such problems stems from farmers paying less attention to the required postharvest activit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Quality |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7871543 |
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| author | Rahim Niikoi Kotey Daniel Asomaning Odoom Patrick Kumah Joseph Oppong Akowuah Esther Fobi Donkor Emmanuel Kwatei Quartey Ebenezer Kofi Sam James Owusu-Kwarteng Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Fritz Kwami-Adala Dennis Owusu Boateng |
| author_facet | Rahim Niikoi Kotey Daniel Asomaning Odoom Patrick Kumah Joseph Oppong Akowuah Esther Fobi Donkor Emmanuel Kwatei Quartey Ebenezer Kofi Sam James Owusu-Kwarteng Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Fritz Kwami-Adala Dennis Owusu Boateng |
| author_sort | Rahim Niikoi Kotey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) contributes significantly to Ghana’s GDP and has made Ghana a recognized leader in the cocoa industry. However, there are myriad problems associated with Ghana’s cocoa bean quality. One such problems stems from farmers paying less attention to the required postharvest activities (fermentation and drying) which contributes significantly to bean quality losses. This study investigated the effect of the duration of the traditional heap fermentation period and different drying methods: solar biomass hybrid dryer (SBHD) and traditional sun drying method (TSDM) on the bean quality of two cocoa varieties (hybrid cocoa and Amazonia). Quality attributes of cocoa beans such as pH, moisture content, fat content, crude protein, free fatty acids, phenolic contents, colour, and bean size were examined. The statgraphics statistical tool was used to analyse data and the least significant difference (LSD) was used to compare treatment means. Purple beans incidence was observed to be lower in hybrid with a value of 21.90% in the solar biomass hybrid dryer after 5 days of fermentation. Hybrid recorded the highest flavonoid value of 6069.74 mg QE/g DW in the traditional sun drying after 7 days of fermentation. Hybrid as well recorded the highest total phenolic value of 711.44 mg GAE/g DW in the solar biomass hybrid dryer under 5 days of fermentation. Results also indicated that using the solar biomass hybrid dryer resulted in the best moisture content removal and was very efficient compared with the traditional sun drying method in ensuring high-quality beans per international market standards. Cocoa beans dried under SBHD had the overall highest purity and were of better quality compared to those dried directly in the sun. There were no significant differences (p≤0.24) in percentage purity among the cocoa samples studied. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e81b8ebc9f8e4a8aa5785a842812591b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1745-4557 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Food Quality |
| spelling | doaj-art-e81b8ebc9f8e4a8aa5785a842812591b2025-08-20T02:21:39ZengWileyJournal of Food Quality1745-45572022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7871543Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in GhanaRahim Niikoi Kotey0Daniel Asomaning Odoom1Patrick Kumah2Joseph Oppong Akowuah3Esther Fobi Donkor4Emmanuel Kwatei Quartey5Ebenezer Kofi Sam6James Owusu-Kwarteng7Kwadwo Gyasi Santo8Fritz Kwami-Adala9Dennis Owusu Boateng10Cocoa Health and Extension DivisionCocoa Health and Extension DivisionSchool of Agriculture and TechnologySchool of Agriculture and TechnologySchool of Agriculture and TechnologyBiotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversitySchool of Agriculture and TechnologySchool of Agriculture and TechnologyCocoa Health and Extension DivisionCocoa Health and Extension DivisionCocoa (Theobroma cacao) contributes significantly to Ghana’s GDP and has made Ghana a recognized leader in the cocoa industry. However, there are myriad problems associated with Ghana’s cocoa bean quality. One such problems stems from farmers paying less attention to the required postharvest activities (fermentation and drying) which contributes significantly to bean quality losses. This study investigated the effect of the duration of the traditional heap fermentation period and different drying methods: solar biomass hybrid dryer (SBHD) and traditional sun drying method (TSDM) on the bean quality of two cocoa varieties (hybrid cocoa and Amazonia). Quality attributes of cocoa beans such as pH, moisture content, fat content, crude protein, free fatty acids, phenolic contents, colour, and bean size were examined. The statgraphics statistical tool was used to analyse data and the least significant difference (LSD) was used to compare treatment means. Purple beans incidence was observed to be lower in hybrid with a value of 21.90% in the solar biomass hybrid dryer after 5 days of fermentation. Hybrid recorded the highest flavonoid value of 6069.74 mg QE/g DW in the traditional sun drying after 7 days of fermentation. Hybrid as well recorded the highest total phenolic value of 711.44 mg GAE/g DW in the solar biomass hybrid dryer under 5 days of fermentation. Results also indicated that using the solar biomass hybrid dryer resulted in the best moisture content removal and was very efficient compared with the traditional sun drying method in ensuring high-quality beans per international market standards. Cocoa beans dried under SBHD had the overall highest purity and were of better quality compared to those dried directly in the sun. There were no significant differences (p≤0.24) in percentage purity among the cocoa samples studied.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7871543 |
| spellingShingle | Rahim Niikoi Kotey Daniel Asomaning Odoom Patrick Kumah Joseph Oppong Akowuah Esther Fobi Donkor Emmanuel Kwatei Quartey Ebenezer Kofi Sam James Owusu-Kwarteng Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Fritz Kwami-Adala Dennis Owusu Boateng Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana Journal of Food Quality |
| title | Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana |
| title_full | Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana |
| title_short | Effects of Fermentation Periods and Drying Methods on Postharvest Quality of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Beans in Ghana |
| title_sort | effects of fermentation periods and drying methods on postharvest quality of cocoa theobroma cacao beans in ghana |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7871543 |
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