Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants

Abstract Background Persistent lead contamination and the absence of natural remediation elements exacerbate the long-term toxicity of plants. Nevertheless, it has been consistently shown that selenium has a protective effect against heavy metal toxicity in plants. Consequently, it is imperative to...

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Main Authors: Asmaa Abdelsalam, Arezue Boroujerdi, Elham R. S. Soliman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06453-6
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author Asmaa Abdelsalam
Arezue Boroujerdi
Elham R. S. Soliman
author_facet Asmaa Abdelsalam
Arezue Boroujerdi
Elham R. S. Soliman
author_sort Asmaa Abdelsalam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Persistent lead contamination and the absence of natural remediation elements exacerbate the long-term toxicity of plants. Nevertheless, it has been consistently shown that selenium has a protective effect against heavy metal toxicity in plants. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the metabolic pathways that selenium employs to enhance the resistance of plants to lead stress. This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic alterations induced by selenium priming of Vicia faba seeds to enhance their tolerance to lead stress. Results Selenium seed priming significantly improved the growth parameter and mitigated the adverse growth consequences observed under lead stress. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic analysis identified 58 metabolites in the polar extracts of the shoots, with the metabolites composed of amino acids (40%), carboxylic acids (12%), fatty acids (11%), carbohydrates (5%), alkaloids (5%), and phenols (4%). The addition of Pb facilitated the biosynthesis of unique metabolites, including 2-methylglutarate, 3-methyladipate, and epinephrine, which were absent in control and selenium-treated samples. Conversely, 4-aminobutyrate and 2-methylglutarate were entirely absent in Pb samples. Selenium-treated plants accumulated trigonelline and AMP at levels 1.4 and 6.0 times, respectively, more than the control samples. Selenium-primed plants exposed to lead stress exhibited higher levels of asparagine, tryptophan, and xanthine compared to other treatments. As determined by both enrichment analysis and pathway analysis, the most significantly altered pathways were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways. Conclusion The results demonstrate the crucial role of selenium priming in enhancing the growth and lead stress resistance of Vicia faba plants by significantly altering the concentrations of key metabolites and metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism, offering a promising strategy for improving plant resilience to heavy metal contamination.
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spelling doaj-art-e81864d2e8b342f3b18c8d5fc33fb1622025-08-20T02:24:29ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-04-0125111810.1186/s12870-025-06453-6Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plantsAsmaa Abdelsalam0Arezue Boroujerdi1Elham R. S. Soliman2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityChemistry Department, Claflin UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityAbstract Background Persistent lead contamination and the absence of natural remediation elements exacerbate the long-term toxicity of plants. Nevertheless, it has been consistently shown that selenium has a protective effect against heavy metal toxicity in plants. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the metabolic pathways that selenium employs to enhance the resistance of plants to lead stress. This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic alterations induced by selenium priming of Vicia faba seeds to enhance their tolerance to lead stress. Results Selenium seed priming significantly improved the growth parameter and mitigated the adverse growth consequences observed under lead stress. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic analysis identified 58 metabolites in the polar extracts of the shoots, with the metabolites composed of amino acids (40%), carboxylic acids (12%), fatty acids (11%), carbohydrates (5%), alkaloids (5%), and phenols (4%). The addition of Pb facilitated the biosynthesis of unique metabolites, including 2-methylglutarate, 3-methyladipate, and epinephrine, which were absent in control and selenium-treated samples. Conversely, 4-aminobutyrate and 2-methylglutarate were entirely absent in Pb samples. Selenium-treated plants accumulated trigonelline and AMP at levels 1.4 and 6.0 times, respectively, more than the control samples. Selenium-primed plants exposed to lead stress exhibited higher levels of asparagine, tryptophan, and xanthine compared to other treatments. As determined by both enrichment analysis and pathway analysis, the most significantly altered pathways were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways. Conclusion The results demonstrate the crucial role of selenium priming in enhancing the growth and lead stress resistance of Vicia faba plants by significantly altering the concentrations of key metabolites and metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism, offering a promising strategy for improving plant resilience to heavy metal contamination.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06453-6Amino acidsEpinephrineHeavy metals stressMetabolic pathwaysMetabolitesNMR spectroscopy
spellingShingle Asmaa Abdelsalam
Arezue Boroujerdi
Elham R. S. Soliman
Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
BMC Plant Biology
Amino acids
Epinephrine
Heavy metals stress
Metabolic pathways
Metabolites
NMR spectroscopy
title Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
title_full Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
title_fullStr Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
title_full_unstemmed Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
title_short Metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in Vicia faba plants
title_sort metabolomic evaluation of selenium seed priming on mitigating lead stress toxicity in vicia faba plants
topic Amino acids
Epinephrine
Heavy metals stress
Metabolic pathways
Metabolites
NMR spectroscopy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06453-6
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AT arezueboroujerdi metabolomicevaluationofseleniumseedprimingonmitigatingleadstresstoxicityinviciafabaplants
AT elhamrssoliman metabolomicevaluationofseleniumseedprimingonmitigatingleadstresstoxicityinviciafabaplants