Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats

<i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important woody oil plant in southern China, and developing its industry can enhance forest resource uses and increase edible oil supply. This study investigated the floral characteristics of different <i>C. oleifera</i> varieties, analysed the...

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Main Authors: Linqing Cao, Qiuping Zhong, Chao Yan, Xiaoning Ge, Feng Tian, Yaqi Yuan, Jinfeng Wang, Jia Wang, Shengtian Chen, Hong Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/282
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author Linqing Cao
Qiuping Zhong
Chao Yan
Xiaoning Ge
Feng Tian
Yaqi Yuan
Jinfeng Wang
Jia Wang
Shengtian Chen
Hong Yang
author_facet Linqing Cao
Qiuping Zhong
Chao Yan
Xiaoning Ge
Feng Tian
Yaqi Yuan
Jinfeng Wang
Jia Wang
Shengtian Chen
Hong Yang
author_sort Linqing Cao
collection DOAJ
description <i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important woody oil plant in southern China, and developing its industry can enhance forest resource uses and increase edible oil supply. This study investigated the floral characteristics of different <i>C. oleifera</i> varieties, analysed the species and diversity of flower-visiting insects in different habitats, identified the main pollinators and their flower-visiting behaviours, and explored the relationship between pollinating insects and their floral characteristics. The floral lifespan of individual <i>C. oleifera</i> flowers was 5–8 d across cultivars, which is essentially the same. However, floral traits and nectar sugar composition exhibited distinct differences. There were 22 species of insect pollinators from 14 genera and 8 families, including Hymenoptera and Diptera, in 3 habitats. High-potential pollinators varied by habitat, with <i>Apis cerana</i> and <i>Phytomia zonata</i> being the most frequent. A comparison showed that <i>A. cerana</i> was the best pollinator, whereas <i>P. zonata</i> had a larger population, was not affected by oil tea nectar poisoning, and could still pollinate. Therefore, the contribution of <i>P. zonata</i> cannot be overlooked. Redundancy analysis revealed the response relationship between the floral traits of <i>C. oleifera</i> and three insect population characteristics. Stamen length was the main floral trait affecting insect populations.
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series Insects
spelling doaj-art-e808fe9ca6504f3db6a0c8f2ad6c86c22025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-03-0116328210.3390/insects16030282Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous HabitatsLinqing Cao0Qiuping Zhong1Chao Yan2Xiaoning Ge3Feng Tian4Yaqi Yuan5Jinfeng Wang6Jia Wang7Shengtian Chen8Hong Yang9Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaInstitute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, ChinaExperimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu 338000, China<i>Camellia oleifera</i> is an important woody oil plant in southern China, and developing its industry can enhance forest resource uses and increase edible oil supply. This study investigated the floral characteristics of different <i>C. oleifera</i> varieties, analysed the species and diversity of flower-visiting insects in different habitats, identified the main pollinators and their flower-visiting behaviours, and explored the relationship between pollinating insects and their floral characteristics. The floral lifespan of individual <i>C. oleifera</i> flowers was 5–8 d across cultivars, which is essentially the same. However, floral traits and nectar sugar composition exhibited distinct differences. There were 22 species of insect pollinators from 14 genera and 8 families, including Hymenoptera and Diptera, in 3 habitats. High-potential pollinators varied by habitat, with <i>Apis cerana</i> and <i>Phytomia zonata</i> being the most frequent. A comparison showed that <i>A. cerana</i> was the best pollinator, whereas <i>P. zonata</i> had a larger population, was not affected by oil tea nectar poisoning, and could still pollinate. Therefore, the contribution of <i>P. zonata</i> cannot be overlooked. Redundancy analysis revealed the response relationship between the floral traits of <i>C. oleifera</i> and three insect population characteristics. Stamen length was the main floral trait affecting insect populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/282<i>Camellia oleifera</i>flower-visiting insectspollination biologyadaptation
spellingShingle Linqing Cao
Qiuping Zhong
Chao Yan
Xiaoning Ge
Feng Tian
Yaqi Yuan
Jinfeng Wang
Jia Wang
Shengtian Chen
Hong Yang
Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
Insects
<i>Camellia oleifera</i>
flower-visiting insects
pollination biology
adaptation
title Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
title_full Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
title_fullStr Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
title_full_unstemmed Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
title_short Ecological Interactions Between <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and Insect Pollinators Across Heterogeneous Habitats
title_sort ecological interactions between i camellia oleifera i and insect pollinators across heterogeneous habitats
topic <i>Camellia oleifera</i>
flower-visiting insects
pollination biology
adaptation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/282
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