Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence rates in the United States have increased since 2010 as a byproduct of the opioid crisis despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents in 2013. HCV infection is associated with higher rates of liver-related and nonhepatic causes of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2573545 |
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| author | Sara S. Bressler Dana Bruden Leisha D. Nolen Michael G. Bruce Lisa Towshend-Bulson Philip Spradling Brian J. McMahon |
| author_facet | Sara S. Bressler Dana Bruden Leisha D. Nolen Michael G. Bruce Lisa Towshend-Bulson Philip Spradling Brian J. McMahon |
| author_sort | Sara S. Bressler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence rates in the United States have increased since 2010 as a byproduct of the opioid crisis despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents in 2013. HCV infection is associated with higher rates of liver-related and nonhepatic causes of death. Methods. This study compared demographic characteristics and age-adjusted death rates from 1995 to 2016 among Alaska Native (AN) adults infected with HCV (AK-HepC) to rates among the AN and non-AN adult populations living in Alaska. Liver-related disease (LRD) and other disease-specific age-adjusted death rates were compared between the populations. Results. The all-cause death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 2.2- and 3.4-fold higher than AN and non-AN adults, respectively, and remained stable over time in all populations. The LRD death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 18- and 11-fold higher than the non-AN and AN, respectively. The liver cancer rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 26-fold higher compared to the Alaska statewide population. The AK-HepC cohort had elevated rates of death associated with nonhepatic diseases with circulatory disease having the highest rate in all populations. Among liver cancer deaths in the AK-HepC cohort, 32% had HCV listed as a contributing cause of death on the death certificate. Conclusions. Death rates in the AK-HepC cohort remained stable since 1995 and higher compared to the general population. People with HCV infection had an elevated risk for all-cause, liver-related, and nonhepatic causes of death. Hepatitis C infection may be underrepresented as a cause of mortality in the United States. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7f7ed0da63d4fc3819c2a9bc3d6b73c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2291-2797 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7f7ed0da63d4fc3819c2a9bc3d6b73c2025-02-03T01:02:14ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2291-27972022-01-01202210.1155/2022/2573545Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016Sara S. Bressler0Dana Bruden1Leisha D. Nolen2Michael G. Bruce3Lisa Towshend-Bulson4Philip Spradling5Brian J. McMahon6Arctic Investigations ProgramArctic Investigations ProgramArctic Investigations ProgramArctic Investigations ProgramLiver Disease and Hepatitis ProgramDivision of Viral HepatitisArctic Investigations ProgramBackground. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence rates in the United States have increased since 2010 as a byproduct of the opioid crisis despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents in 2013. HCV infection is associated with higher rates of liver-related and nonhepatic causes of death. Methods. This study compared demographic characteristics and age-adjusted death rates from 1995 to 2016 among Alaska Native (AN) adults infected with HCV (AK-HepC) to rates among the AN and non-AN adult populations living in Alaska. Liver-related disease (LRD) and other disease-specific age-adjusted death rates were compared between the populations. Results. The all-cause death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 2.2- and 3.4-fold higher than AN and non-AN adults, respectively, and remained stable over time in all populations. The LRD death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 18- and 11-fold higher than the non-AN and AN, respectively. The liver cancer rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 26-fold higher compared to the Alaska statewide population. The AK-HepC cohort had elevated rates of death associated with nonhepatic diseases with circulatory disease having the highest rate in all populations. Among liver cancer deaths in the AK-HepC cohort, 32% had HCV listed as a contributing cause of death on the death certificate. Conclusions. Death rates in the AK-HepC cohort remained stable since 1995 and higher compared to the general population. People with HCV infection had an elevated risk for all-cause, liver-related, and nonhepatic causes of death. Hepatitis C infection may be underrepresented as a cause of mortality in the United States.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2573545 |
| spellingShingle | Sara S. Bressler Dana Bruden Leisha D. Nolen Michael G. Bruce Lisa Towshend-Bulson Philip Spradling Brian J. McMahon Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| title | Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 |
| title_full | Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 |
| title_short | Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 |
| title_sort | mortality among alaska native adults with confirmed hepatitis c virus infection compared with the general population in alaska 1995 2016 |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2573545 |
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