The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis
Abstract The interaction between natural killer group 2 members D and their ligands (NKG2D-NKG2DLs) may play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Owing to their measurable presence in biofluids, soluble NKG2DLs may serve as potential biomarkers for disease activity. NKG2DL famil...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12589-0 |
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| author | Aleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska Agata Świątek Agnieszka Synowiec Robert Zdanowski Ignacy Stachura Aneta Szewczuk Ewelina Pietras Adam Stępień |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska Agata Świątek Agnieszka Synowiec Robert Zdanowski Ignacy Stachura Aneta Szewczuk Ewelina Pietras Adam Stępień |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska |
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| description | Abstract The interaction between natural killer group 2 members D and their ligands (NKG2D-NKG2DLs) may play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Owing to their measurable presence in biofluids, soluble NKG2DLs may serve as potential biomarkers for disease activity. NKG2DL family proteins have been previously investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) or biofluids of MS patients but have typically been analyzed individually rather than collectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to comprehensively evaluate soluble forms of MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB), UL16 binding protein 4 (ULBP4), and neurofilament light chains (NFLs) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsing-remitting MS patients, patients with multifocal demyelinating CNS damage (Pre-MS observation group), and a control group. Results revealed comparable levels of NKG2DLs in the serum and CSF between the groups. This suggested that they may not be suitable as diagnostic and predictive markers in MS. However, the analysis confirmed the established significance of NFL, demonstrating its elevated levels in CSF and serum from MS patients compared with other groups, along with a notable correlation between NFL levels in serum and CSF. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e7ed534dc21042349fe02792d332ea912025-08-20T03:42:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-12589-0The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosisAleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska0Agata Świątek1Agnieszka Synowiec2Robert Zdanowski3Ignacy Stachura4Aneta Szewczuk5Ewelina Pietras6Adam Stępień7Neurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine, University of WarsawLaboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteLaboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteFaculty of Physic, University of WarsawNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research InstituteAbstract The interaction between natural killer group 2 members D and their ligands (NKG2D-NKG2DLs) may play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Owing to their measurable presence in biofluids, soluble NKG2DLs may serve as potential biomarkers for disease activity. NKG2DL family proteins have been previously investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) or biofluids of MS patients but have typically been analyzed individually rather than collectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to comprehensively evaluate soluble forms of MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB), UL16 binding protein 4 (ULBP4), and neurofilament light chains (NFLs) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsing-remitting MS patients, patients with multifocal demyelinating CNS damage (Pre-MS observation group), and a control group. Results revealed comparable levels of NKG2DLs in the serum and CSF between the groups. This suggested that they may not be suitable as diagnostic and predictive markers in MS. However, the analysis confirmed the established significance of NFL, demonstrating its elevated levels in CSF and serum from MS patients compared with other groups, along with a notable correlation between NFL levels in serum and CSF.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12589-0Multiple sclerosisNatural killer cellsNKG2DNKG2DLsBiomarkersNeurofilament light chains |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska Agata Świątek Agnieszka Synowiec Robert Zdanowski Ignacy Stachura Aneta Szewczuk Ewelina Pietras Adam Stępień The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis Scientific Reports Multiple sclerosis Natural killer cells NKG2D NKG2DLs Biomarkers Neurofilament light chains |
| title | The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| title_full | The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| title_short | The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| title_sort | role of selected nkg2dls such as mica micb and ulbp4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis |
| topic | Multiple sclerosis Natural killer cells NKG2D NKG2DLs Biomarkers Neurofilament light chains |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12589-0 |
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