Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria
Introduction: Clinical symptoms of malaria and typhoid infections are virtually indistinguishable from those initially seen in many arbovirus infections. Here we describe arbovirus co-infection detected in 310 sera samples collected from febrile, clinically suspected malaria/typhoid patients in Bor...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/2411 |
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| author | Marycelin Baba Christopher Hugh Logue Bamidele Oderinde Hauwa Abdulmaleek Joshua Williams James Lewis Thomas R Laws Roger Hewson Alessandro Marcello Pierlanfranco D' Agaro |
| author_facet | Marycelin Baba Christopher Hugh Logue Bamidele Oderinde Hauwa Abdulmaleek Joshua Williams James Lewis Thomas R Laws Roger Hewson Alessandro Marcello Pierlanfranco D' Agaro |
| author_sort | Marycelin Baba |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: Clinical symptoms of malaria and typhoid infections are virtually indistinguishable from those initially seen in many arbovirus infections. Here we describe arbovirus co-infection detected in 310 sera samples collected from febrile, clinically suspected malaria/typhoid patients in Borno State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Tested initially for Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy and for Salmonella Typhi by Widal test, samples were subsequently tested for chikungunya (CHIKV), yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV) and West Nile viruses (WNV) by plaque reduction neutralization test.
Results: While 92% of patients tested positive for malaria, typhoid, an arbovirus infection, or a combination of one or more of these types of infections, less than 1% of the patients tested positive for malaria alone and only 3.9% tested positive for typhoid alone. Approximately half of the patients tested positive for infection with a single arbovirus (48%) regardless of the presence or absence of malaria or typhoid. Of those who showed 90% to 95% virus neutralization, 67.7% had neutralizing antibodies against DENV, 50% against CHIKV, 25% against WNV and 8.7% against YFV. Eight per cent tested negative against all six pathogens, suggesting that other arboviruses not tested for in this study may also be circulating in Nigeria.
Conclusions: The results suggest that misdiagnosis of arbovirus co-infections as malaria infections, combined with a lack of virus surveillance and underreporting of arbovirus infections, increases the potential for undetected and uncontrolled spread of important vector-borne arboviruses becoming serious underlying public health concerns in Nigeria.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7e7e4da1ad742cab3dc7855db48c4d6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7e7e4da1ad742cab3dc7855db48c4d62025-08-20T02:14:20ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802013-01-0170110.3855/jidc.2411Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in NigeriaMarycelin Baba0Christopher Hugh Logue1Bamidele Oderinde2Hauwa Abdulmaleek3Joshua Williams4James Lewis5Thomas R Laws6Roger Hewson7Alessandro Marcello8Pierlanfranco D' Agaro9College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaMicrobiology Services - HPA Porton, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, United KingdomCollege of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaCollege of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaCollege of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaMicrobiology Services - HPA Porton, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, United KingdomMicrobiology, Biomedical Sciences, Porton Down, United KingdomMicrobiology Services - HPA Porton, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, United KingdomInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, ItalyIRCCS Burlo, Garofolo, Department of Reproductive, Trieste, Italy Introduction: Clinical symptoms of malaria and typhoid infections are virtually indistinguishable from those initially seen in many arbovirus infections. Here we describe arbovirus co-infection detected in 310 sera samples collected from febrile, clinically suspected malaria/typhoid patients in Borno State, Nigeria. Methodology: Tested initially for Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy and for Salmonella Typhi by Widal test, samples were subsequently tested for chikungunya (CHIKV), yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV) and West Nile viruses (WNV) by plaque reduction neutralization test. Results: While 92% of patients tested positive for malaria, typhoid, an arbovirus infection, or a combination of one or more of these types of infections, less than 1% of the patients tested positive for malaria alone and only 3.9% tested positive for typhoid alone. Approximately half of the patients tested positive for infection with a single arbovirus (48%) regardless of the presence or absence of malaria or typhoid. Of those who showed 90% to 95% virus neutralization, 67.7% had neutralizing antibodies against DENV, 50% against CHIKV, 25% against WNV and 8.7% against YFV. Eight per cent tested negative against all six pathogens, suggesting that other arboviruses not tested for in this study may also be circulating in Nigeria. Conclusions: The results suggest that misdiagnosis of arbovirus co-infections as malaria infections, combined with a lack of virus surveillance and underreporting of arbovirus infections, increases the potential for undetected and uncontrolled spread of important vector-borne arboviruses becoming serious underlying public health concerns in Nigeria. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/2411arbovirusco-infectionmalariadenguechikungunyaNigeria |
| spellingShingle | Marycelin Baba Christopher Hugh Logue Bamidele Oderinde Hauwa Abdulmaleek Joshua Williams James Lewis Thomas R Laws Roger Hewson Alessandro Marcello Pierlanfranco D' Agaro Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria Journal of Infection in Developing Countries arbovirus co-infection malaria dengue chikungunya Nigeria |
| title | Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria |
| title_full | Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria |
| title_short | Evidence of arbovirus co-infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in Nigeria |
| title_sort | evidence of arbovirus co infection in suspected febrile malaria and typhoid patients in nigeria |
| topic | arbovirus co-infection malaria dengue chikungunya Nigeria |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/2411 |
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