Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat
Background: This experiment evaluated whether the combination of essential oils (thyme, rosemary, orange) with extracts of <i>Cinnamomum</i> and <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (enriched with tocopherols) in steers’ diet has positive effects on the health, digestibility, growth, ox...
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2024-12-01
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| author | João Gustavo Weschenfelder Wandscheer Natalia Turcatto Guilherme Luiz Deolindo Mateus Henrique Signor Alexandro Fritzen Marcelo Vedovatto Camila Ten Kathen Jung Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski Ana Carolina Hadlich Xavier Roger Wagner Bianca Fagan Bissacotti Priscila Marquezan Copetti Aleksandro Schafer da Silva |
| author_facet | João Gustavo Weschenfelder Wandscheer Natalia Turcatto Guilherme Luiz Deolindo Mateus Henrique Signor Alexandro Fritzen Marcelo Vedovatto Camila Ten Kathen Jung Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski Ana Carolina Hadlich Xavier Roger Wagner Bianca Fagan Bissacotti Priscila Marquezan Copetti Aleksandro Schafer da Silva |
| author_sort | João Gustavo Weschenfelder Wandscheer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: This experiment evaluated whether the combination of essential oils (thyme, rosemary, orange) with extracts of <i>Cinnamomum</i> and <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (enriched with tocopherols) in steers’ diet has positive effects on the health, digestibility, growth, oxidative stress, and fatty acid profile of meat. Methods: The experiment included 24 Holstein steers, divided into two groups, randomly divided (treated = phytogenic mixture (n = 12); control = monensin (n = 12)), undergoing a growth phase of 120 days and 90 days of finishing in individual pens, with a monthly collection of blood, rumen fluid, feces, and feed. Results: In the finishing phase (days 150 to 210), there was a tendency (<i>p</i> = 0.07) toward more significant average daily weight gain when cattle consumed a phytogenic mixture than monensin. The use of the phytogenic product showed greater feed efficiency in the period from 150 to 240 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with higher levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), without differences in the composition of these SCFAs between the control and treated groups, with a reduction in apparent digestibility in the treated group. In blood parameters, the treated group showed higher erythrocyte counts (<i>p</i> < 0.05) without changes in leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The phytogenic treatment demonstrated higher total protein and globulin levels, with increased glucose levels on days 30 and 210 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin levels increased in the treated group without changes in ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, IgA, and heavy-chain immunoglobulins (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A reduction in oxidative stress was observed using the phytogenic agent, with a marked decrease in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonyl proteins, with a tendency to increase glutathione S-transferase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In meat, the phytogenic reduced saturated fatty acids with increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased the omega 6/omega 3 ratio. Lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and ROS were detected in the meat combined with a higher concentration of total thiols in the treated group than in the control group. Conclusions: The use of the phytogenic in steers’ diets has shown to be a viable candidate for replacing monensin, presenting equal or superior performance results with systemic modulating effects on oxidative stress, meat quality, and serum and biochemical parameters that contribute to more substantial health and efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7dbed106dbb4709b053b1076aeea6e6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7dbed106dbb4709b053b1076aeea6e62025-08-20T02:55:32ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372024-12-01101261610.3390/fermentation10120616Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in MeatJoão Gustavo Weschenfelder Wandscheer0Natalia Turcatto1Guilherme Luiz Deolindo2Mateus Henrique Signor3Alexandro Fritzen4Marcelo Vedovatto5Camila Ten Kathen Jung6Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski7Ana Carolina Hadlich Xavier8Roger Wagner9Bianca Fagan Bissacotti10Priscila Marquezan Copetti11Aleksandro Schafer da Silva12Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilMulticenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UDESC, Lages 88520-000, BrazilGraduate Program in Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilMulticenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UDESC, Lages 88520-000, BrazilDean Lee Research and Extension Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USADepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilBackground: This experiment evaluated whether the combination of essential oils (thyme, rosemary, orange) with extracts of <i>Cinnamomum</i> and <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (enriched with tocopherols) in steers’ diet has positive effects on the health, digestibility, growth, oxidative stress, and fatty acid profile of meat. Methods: The experiment included 24 Holstein steers, divided into two groups, randomly divided (treated = phytogenic mixture (n = 12); control = monensin (n = 12)), undergoing a growth phase of 120 days and 90 days of finishing in individual pens, with a monthly collection of blood, rumen fluid, feces, and feed. Results: In the finishing phase (days 150 to 210), there was a tendency (<i>p</i> = 0.07) toward more significant average daily weight gain when cattle consumed a phytogenic mixture than monensin. The use of the phytogenic product showed greater feed efficiency in the period from 150 to 240 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with higher levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), without differences in the composition of these SCFAs between the control and treated groups, with a reduction in apparent digestibility in the treated group. In blood parameters, the treated group showed higher erythrocyte counts (<i>p</i> < 0.05) without changes in leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The phytogenic treatment demonstrated higher total protein and globulin levels, with increased glucose levels on days 30 and 210 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin levels increased in the treated group without changes in ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, IgA, and heavy-chain immunoglobulins (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A reduction in oxidative stress was observed using the phytogenic agent, with a marked decrease in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonyl proteins, with a tendency to increase glutathione S-transferase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In meat, the phytogenic reduced saturated fatty acids with increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased the omega 6/omega 3 ratio. Lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and ROS were detected in the meat combined with a higher concentration of total thiols in the treated group than in the control group. Conclusions: The use of the phytogenic in steers’ diets has shown to be a viable candidate for replacing monensin, presenting equal or superior performance results with systemic modulating effects on oxidative stress, meat quality, and serum and biochemical parameters that contribute to more substantial health and efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/12/616phytoactivesoxidative stressthymerosemaryorangecinnamon |
| spellingShingle | João Gustavo Weschenfelder Wandscheer Natalia Turcatto Guilherme Luiz Deolindo Mateus Henrique Signor Alexandro Fritzen Marcelo Vedovatto Camila Ten Kathen Jung Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski Ana Carolina Hadlich Xavier Roger Wagner Bianca Fagan Bissacotti Priscila Marquezan Copetti Aleksandro Schafer da Silva Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat Fermentation phytoactives oxidative stress thyme rosemary orange cinnamon |
| title | Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat |
| title_full | Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat |
| title_fullStr | Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat |
| title_short | Combination of Essential Oils and Extracts Enriched with Tocopherols in Diet of Holstein Steers and Its Effect on Ruminal Fermentation, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Response, Feed Efficiency and Fatty Acid Profile in Meat |
| title_sort | combination of essential oils and extracts enriched with tocopherols in diet of holstein steers and its effect on ruminal fermentation antioxidant and anti inflammatory response feed efficiency and fatty acid profile in meat |
| topic | phytoactives oxidative stress thyme rosemary orange cinnamon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/10/12/616 |
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