Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects

This study focuses on the importance of the real-time monitoring of bolt loads in roadways affected by high-intensity mining and the limitations of conventional monitoring methods. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded and encapsulated in rock bolts, and tensile tests were conducted indoor...

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Main Authors: Jianjun Dong, Wenduo Ding, Yu Qin, Ke Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3486
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author Jianjun Dong
Wenduo Ding
Yu Qin
Ke Gao
author_facet Jianjun Dong
Wenduo Ding
Yu Qin
Ke Gao
author_sort Jianjun Dong
collection DOAJ
description This study focuses on the importance of the real-time monitoring of bolt loads in roadways affected by high-intensity mining and the limitations of conventional monitoring methods. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded and encapsulated in rock bolts, and tensile tests were conducted indoors to verify their feasibility. The research was conducted using the consolidated face of the Bultai Coal Mine in the Shendong Mining Area as the engineering background. Real-time monitoring wavelength data from the FBG bolt sensor were obtained through field tests. The analysis of the data aimed to assess the condition of the FBG sensor and variations in axial force within the service bolts of the mining roadway. Using these monitoring results, the real-time stability and safety of the roadway bolts were evaluated. The study indicates that as the working face advances, the axial force in the bolt progressively rises under the effect of mine pressure. The left gang bolt rod’s shaft force changes significantly, while the right gang’s change is relatively small. When the working face moves 60 m past the bolt rod, the axial force in the bolt rises sharply. Moreover, the axial force at different positions of the left and right gang bolts exhibits a distinct variation pattern. The real-time monitoring of bolt support in the return roadway provides essential data for assessing bolt safety.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-e7dae970e08b406bb2a4b99e8ecab2672025-08-20T03:46:38ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511348610.3390/s25113486Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced EffectsJianjun Dong0Wenduo Ding1Yu Qin2Ke Gao3College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, ChinaCollege of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, ChinaCollege of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, ChinaCollege of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, ChinaThis study focuses on the importance of the real-time monitoring of bolt loads in roadways affected by high-intensity mining and the limitations of conventional monitoring methods. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded and encapsulated in rock bolts, and tensile tests were conducted indoors to verify their feasibility. The research was conducted using the consolidated face of the Bultai Coal Mine in the Shendong Mining Area as the engineering background. Real-time monitoring wavelength data from the FBG bolt sensor were obtained through field tests. The analysis of the data aimed to assess the condition of the FBG sensor and variations in axial force within the service bolts of the mining roadway. Using these monitoring results, the real-time stability and safety of the roadway bolts were evaluated. The study indicates that as the working face advances, the axial force in the bolt progressively rises under the effect of mine pressure. The left gang bolt rod’s shaft force changes significantly, while the right gang’s change is relatively small. When the working face moves 60 m past the bolt rod, the axial force in the bolt rises sharply. Moreover, the axial force at different positions of the left and right gang bolts exhibits a distinct variation pattern. The real-time monitoring of bolt support in the return roadway provides essential data for assessing bolt safety.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3486mining-induced effectsmining roadwaysrock boltssafety state monitoring
spellingShingle Jianjun Dong
Wenduo Ding
Yu Qin
Ke Gao
Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
Sensors
mining-induced effects
mining roadways
rock bolts
safety state monitoring
title Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
title_full Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
title_fullStr Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
title_full_unstemmed Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
title_short Safety Status Monitoring of Operational Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways Under Mining-Induced Effects
title_sort safety status monitoring of operational rock bolts in mining roadways under mining induced effects
topic mining-induced effects
mining roadways
rock bolts
safety state monitoring
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3486
work_keys_str_mv AT jianjundong safetystatusmonitoringofoperationalrockboltsinminingroadwaysundermininginducedeffects
AT wenduoding safetystatusmonitoringofoperationalrockboltsinminingroadwaysundermininginducedeffects
AT yuqin safetystatusmonitoringofoperationalrockboltsinminingroadwaysundermininginducedeffects
AT kegao safetystatusmonitoringofoperationalrockboltsinminingroadwaysundermininginducedeffects