Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida

Food is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and soc...

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Main Authors: Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini, Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi, Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira, Mymuna Monem, Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo, Monica Beatriz Perez, Piero Gardinali, Florence George, Daniel M. Bagner, Natalia Quinete
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Xenobiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/11
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author Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini
Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira
Mymuna Monem
Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo
Monica Beatriz Perez
Piero Gardinali
Florence George
Daniel M. Bagner
Natalia Quinete
author_facet Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini
Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira
Mymuna Monem
Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo
Monica Beatriz Perez
Piero Gardinali
Florence George
Daniel M. Bagner
Natalia Quinete
author_sort Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini
collection DOAJ
description Food is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and socio-economic variabilities in chemical composition. QuEChERS protocols, followed by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using an LC-Orbitrap HRMS system, were used for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants. The compounds were annotated and identified with the Compound Discoverer (CD) software, and contaminant distributions were analyzed using boxplots and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant seasonal and socio-economic differences in contaminant distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the wet season, a predominance of polymers and surfactants, such as dodecanedioic acid and N-dodecylacrylamide, were found in food, which might be due to increased transport of industrial pollutants during increased precipitation, while plasticizers (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and drugs (e.g., warfarin) were more prevalent during the dry season, which could be related to less dilution effects in this period. A higher abundance of 1-nitrosopiperidine, present in cured meats, was noted in food from upper socio-economic classes, while the lower class showed higher abundance of benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic.
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spelling doaj-art-e7d4c58ec58244f6bc63447ca1643a282025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132025-01-011511110.3390/jox15010011Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, FloridaLuciana Teresa Dias Cappelini0Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi1Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira2Mymuna Monem3Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo4Monica Beatriz Perez5Piero Gardinali6Florence George7Daniel M. Bagner8Natalia Quinete9Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAFaculdade de Saúde Publica da USP, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, BrazilDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USACenter for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAFood is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and socio-economic variabilities in chemical composition. QuEChERS protocols, followed by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using an LC-Orbitrap HRMS system, were used for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants. The compounds were annotated and identified with the Compound Discoverer (CD) software, and contaminant distributions were analyzed using boxplots and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant seasonal and socio-economic differences in contaminant distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the wet season, a predominance of polymers and surfactants, such as dodecanedioic acid and N-dodecylacrylamide, were found in food, which might be due to increased transport of industrial pollutants during increased precipitation, while plasticizers (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and drugs (e.g., warfarin) were more prevalent during the dry season, which could be related to less dilution effects in this period. A higher abundance of 1-nitrosopiperidine, present in cured meats, was noted in food from upper socio-economic classes, while the lower class showed higher abundance of benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/11socio-economic variabilityseasonal trendsanthropogenic contaminantsorbitrap mass spectrometrychemometrics
spellingShingle Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini
Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira
Mymuna Monem
Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo
Monica Beatriz Perez
Piero Gardinali
Florence George
Daniel M. Bagner
Natalia Quinete
Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
Journal of Xenobiotics
socio-economic variability
seasonal trends
anthropogenic contaminants
orbitrap mass spectrometry
chemometrics
title Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
title_full Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
title_fullStr Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
title_short Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
title_sort assessing variability in children s exposure to contaminants in food a longitudinal non targeted analysis study in miami florida
topic socio-economic variability
seasonal trends
anthropogenic contaminants
orbitrap mass spectrometry
chemometrics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/11
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