Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida
Food is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and soc...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| author | Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira Mymuna Monem Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo Monica Beatriz Perez Piero Gardinali Florence George Daniel M. Bagner Natalia Quinete |
| author_facet | Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira Mymuna Monem Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo Monica Beatriz Perez Piero Gardinali Florence George Daniel M. Bagner Natalia Quinete |
| author_sort | Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and socio-economic variabilities in chemical composition. QuEChERS protocols, followed by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using an LC-Orbitrap HRMS system, were used for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants. The compounds were annotated and identified with the Compound Discoverer (CD) software, and contaminant distributions were analyzed using boxplots and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant seasonal and socio-economic differences in contaminant distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the wet season, a predominance of polymers and surfactants, such as dodecanedioic acid and N-dodecylacrylamide, were found in food, which might be due to increased transport of industrial pollutants during increased precipitation, while plasticizers (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and drugs (e.g., warfarin) were more prevalent during the dry season, which could be related to less dilution effects in this period. A higher abundance of 1-nitrosopiperidine, present in cured meats, was noted in food from upper socio-economic classes, while the lower class showed higher abundance of benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7d4c58ec58244f6bc63447ca1643a28 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7d4c58ec58244f6bc63447ca1643a282025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132025-01-011511110.3390/jox15010011Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, FloridaLuciana Teresa Dias Cappelini0Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi1Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira2Mymuna Monem3Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo4Monica Beatriz Perez5Piero Gardinali6Florence George7Daniel M. Bagner8Natalia Quinete9Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAFaculdade de Saúde Publica da USP, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, BrazilDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USACenter for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAInstitute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAFood is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and socio-economic variabilities in chemical composition. QuEChERS protocols, followed by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using an LC-Orbitrap HRMS system, were used for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants. The compounds were annotated and identified with the Compound Discoverer (CD) software, and contaminant distributions were analyzed using boxplots and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant seasonal and socio-economic differences in contaminant distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the wet season, a predominance of polymers and surfactants, such as dodecanedioic acid and N-dodecylacrylamide, were found in food, which might be due to increased transport of industrial pollutants during increased precipitation, while plasticizers (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and drugs (e.g., warfarin) were more prevalent during the dry season, which could be related to less dilution effects in this period. A higher abundance of 1-nitrosopiperidine, present in cured meats, was noted in food from upper socio-economic classes, while the lower class showed higher abundance of benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/11socio-economic variabilityseasonal trendsanthropogenic contaminantsorbitrap mass spectrometrychemometrics |
| spellingShingle | Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira Mymuna Monem Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo Monica Beatriz Perez Piero Gardinali Florence George Daniel M. Bagner Natalia Quinete Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida Journal of Xenobiotics socio-economic variability seasonal trends anthropogenic contaminants orbitrap mass spectrometry chemometrics |
| title | Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida |
| title_full | Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida |
| title_fullStr | Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida |
| title_short | Assessing Variability in Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida |
| title_sort | assessing variability in children s exposure to contaminants in food a longitudinal non targeted analysis study in miami florida |
| topic | socio-economic variability seasonal trends anthropogenic contaminants orbitrap mass spectrometry chemometrics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/11 |
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