How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of indoor air quality in buildings for the well-being of their occupants. In long-term occupancy buildings such as schools, where environmental conditions also impact academic performance, this importance was heightened. Despite the significant change...

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Main Authors: Rocío Escandón, Simone Ferrari, Riccardo Cardelli, Teresa Blázquez, Rafael Suárez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6606
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author Rocío Escandón
Simone Ferrari
Riccardo Cardelli
Teresa Blázquez
Rafael Suárez
author_facet Rocío Escandón
Simone Ferrari
Riccardo Cardelli
Teresa Blázquez
Rafael Suárez
author_sort Rocío Escandón
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of indoor air quality in buildings for the well-being of their occupants. In long-term occupancy buildings such as schools, where environmental conditions also impact academic performance, this importance was heightened. Despite the significant changes in ventilation practices resulting from the pandemic, recommendations have varied across different countries. This study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the environmental conditions and air quality in classrooms in southern Spain and northern Italy (representative Mediterranean locations with different post-pandemic heating and natural ventilation approaches). Data measured on-site during periods with similar outdoor conditions were analysed to ascertain how ventilation strategies influence thermal comfort and indoor air quality. According to the results, during mild periods, high-intensity ventilation ensures excellent indoor air quality results based on CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, without compromising thermal comfort. Nevertheless, ventilation rates should be controlled in more adverse climate conditions to avoid negative effects on thermal comfort.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-e7cfa48db088438c9da429b863a86faf2025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512660610.3390/app15126606How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean ClimateRocío Escandón0Simone Ferrari1Riccardo Cardelli2Teresa Blázquez3Rafael Suárez4Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. de Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Sevilla, SpainDepartment of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Via G. Ponzio 31, 10133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Via G. Ponzio 31, 10133 Milano, ItalyInstituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. de Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Sevilla, SpainInstituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. de Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Sevilla, SpainThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of indoor air quality in buildings for the well-being of their occupants. In long-term occupancy buildings such as schools, where environmental conditions also impact academic performance, this importance was heightened. Despite the significant changes in ventilation practices resulting from the pandemic, recommendations have varied across different countries. This study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the environmental conditions and air quality in classrooms in southern Spain and northern Italy (representative Mediterranean locations with different post-pandemic heating and natural ventilation approaches). Data measured on-site during periods with similar outdoor conditions were analysed to ascertain how ventilation strategies influence thermal comfort and indoor air quality. According to the results, during mild periods, high-intensity ventilation ensures excellent indoor air quality results based on CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, without compromising thermal comfort. Nevertheless, ventilation rates should be controlled in more adverse climate conditions to avoid negative effects on thermal comfort.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6606adaptive thermal comfortindoor air qualitynatural ventilation rateon-site monitoringMediterranean climate
spellingShingle Rocío Escandón
Simone Ferrari
Riccardo Cardelli
Teresa Blázquez
Rafael Suárez
How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
Applied Sciences
adaptive thermal comfort
indoor air quality
natural ventilation rate
on-site monitoring
Mediterranean climate
title How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
title_full How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
title_fullStr How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
title_full_unstemmed How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
title_short How Do Natural Ventilation Strategies Affect Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings? A Comparative Analysis in the Mediterranean Climate
title_sort how do natural ventilation strategies affect thermal comfort in educational buildings a comparative analysis in the mediterranean climate
topic adaptive thermal comfort
indoor air quality
natural ventilation rate
on-site monitoring
Mediterranean climate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6606
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