The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine

Cell-secreted nanovesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes, are vital for mediating intracellular communication. As local or distal transporters of intracellular cargo, they reflect the unique characteristics of secretory cells and establish cell-specific interactions via characteristic surface...

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Main Authors: Sachin Yadav, Pritiprasanna Maity, Kausik Kapat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1956
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author Sachin Yadav
Pritiprasanna Maity
Kausik Kapat
author_facet Sachin Yadav
Pritiprasanna Maity
Kausik Kapat
author_sort Sachin Yadav
collection DOAJ
description Cell-secreted nanovesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes, are vital for mediating intracellular communication. As local or distal transporters of intracellular cargo, they reflect the unique characteristics of secretory cells and establish cell-specific interactions via characteristic surface proteins and receptors. With the advent of rapid isolation, purification, and identification techniques, exosomes have become an attractive choice for disease diagnosis (exosomal content as biomarkers), cell-free therapy, and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) display angiogenic, immune-modulatory, and other therapeutic effects crucial for cytoprotection, ischemic wound repair, myocardial regeneration, etc. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the widespread application of MSC-exosomes in therapeutics, theranostics, and tissue regeneration. After a brief introduction of exosome properties, biogenesis, isolation, and functions, recent studies on therapeutic and regenerative applications of MSC-exosomes are described, focusing on bone, cartilage, periodontal, cardiovascular, skin, and nerve regeneration. Finally, the review highlights the theranostic potential of exosomes followed by challenges, summary, and outlook.
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spelling doaj-art-e7ca073b923547349c5fabcfe616f02d2025-08-20T01:55:44ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-11-011323195610.3390/cells13231956The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative MedicineSachin Yadav0Pritiprasanna Maity1Kausik Kapat2Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, IndiaSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92525, USADepartment of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, IndiaCell-secreted nanovesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes, are vital for mediating intracellular communication. As local or distal transporters of intracellular cargo, they reflect the unique characteristics of secretory cells and establish cell-specific interactions via characteristic surface proteins and receptors. With the advent of rapid isolation, purification, and identification techniques, exosomes have become an attractive choice for disease diagnosis (exosomal content as biomarkers), cell-free therapy, and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) display angiogenic, immune-modulatory, and other therapeutic effects crucial for cytoprotection, ischemic wound repair, myocardial regeneration, etc. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the widespread application of MSC-exosomes in therapeutics, theranostics, and tissue regeneration. After a brief introduction of exosome properties, biogenesis, isolation, and functions, recent studies on therapeutic and regenerative applications of MSC-exosomes are described, focusing on bone, cartilage, periodontal, cardiovascular, skin, and nerve regeneration. Finally, the review highlights the theranostic potential of exosomes followed by challenges, summary, and outlook.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1956mesenchymal stem cellsexosometherapeutictheranostictissue regenerationwound healing
spellingShingle Sachin Yadav
Pritiprasanna Maity
Kausik Kapat
The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
Cells
mesenchymal stem cells
exosome
therapeutic
theranostic
tissue regeneration
wound healing
title The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
title_full The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
title_fullStr The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
title_full_unstemmed The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
title_short The Opportunities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Theranostics and Regenerative Medicine
title_sort opportunities and challenges of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in theranostics and regenerative medicine
topic mesenchymal stem cells
exosome
therapeutic
theranostic
tissue regeneration
wound healing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1956
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