High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface

Abstract Combining the benefits of a low profile, high gain, high efficiency, and wideband operation in a planar antenna presents a significant challenge for antenna designers. Low-profile wideband antennas often suffer from low gain. This study introduces a compact wideband artificial magnetic cond...

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Main Authors: A. E. Farahat, May AboEl-Hassan, K. F. A. Hussein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99233-z
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author A. E. Farahat
May AboEl-Hassan
K. F. A. Hussein
author_facet A. E. Farahat
May AboEl-Hassan
K. F. A. Hussein
author_sort A. E. Farahat
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Combining the benefits of a low profile, high gain, high efficiency, and wideband operation in a planar antenna presents a significant challenge for antenna designers. Low-profile wideband antennas often suffer from low gain. This study introduces a compact wideband artificial magnetic conducting surface (AMCS) positioned behind a wideband omnidirectional antenna to enhance its gain across the operational frequency range. This integration allows the radiating structure to achieve both high gain and wideband functionality in a single design. In this research, a wideband planar monopole printed antenna is developed to function as an omnidirectional radiator, delivering excellent impedance matching and radiation efficiency across the frequency range of 3.9–7.2 GHz (60% bandwidth) in free space. The free-standing antenna dimensions are 30 mm × 20 mm (0.39 λo × 0.3 λo), where λo corresponds to the lowest operating frequency of the antenna). It exhibits a gain ranging from 2 dBi to 4.5 dBi over this frequency band. To improve gain, a wideband AMCS is designed, consisting of just 3 × 3 unit cells with overall dimensions of 9 × 9 cm (1.1 λo × 1.1 λo). The AMCS is placed parallel to the planar antenna at a distance of 1.75 cm behind it. The gain of the AMCS-backed antenna reaches up to 9 dBi without compromising bandwidth or impedance matching. Furthermore, the radiation efficiency remains above 98% across the operational band of 3.6–7.2 GHz (66% bandwidth). The wideband antenna and AMCS are fabricated to experimentally validate the performance of the AMCS-based antenna. Measurements of impedance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency demonstrate close alignment with simulation results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design.
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spelling doaj-art-e7c613c4c0c345a68d5f70aaff7dcf822025-08-20T03:10:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-99233-zHigh efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surfaceA. E. Farahat0May AboEl-Hassan1K. F. A. Hussein2Electronics Research Institute (ERI)Electronics Research Institute (ERI)Electronics Research Institute (ERI)Abstract Combining the benefits of a low profile, high gain, high efficiency, and wideband operation in a planar antenna presents a significant challenge for antenna designers. Low-profile wideband antennas often suffer from low gain. This study introduces a compact wideband artificial magnetic conducting surface (AMCS) positioned behind a wideband omnidirectional antenna to enhance its gain across the operational frequency range. This integration allows the radiating structure to achieve both high gain and wideband functionality in a single design. In this research, a wideband planar monopole printed antenna is developed to function as an omnidirectional radiator, delivering excellent impedance matching and radiation efficiency across the frequency range of 3.9–7.2 GHz (60% bandwidth) in free space. The free-standing antenna dimensions are 30 mm × 20 mm (0.39 λo × 0.3 λo), where λo corresponds to the lowest operating frequency of the antenna). It exhibits a gain ranging from 2 dBi to 4.5 dBi over this frequency band. To improve gain, a wideband AMCS is designed, consisting of just 3 × 3 unit cells with overall dimensions of 9 × 9 cm (1.1 λo × 1.1 λo). The AMCS is placed parallel to the planar antenna at a distance of 1.75 cm behind it. The gain of the AMCS-backed antenna reaches up to 9 dBi without compromising bandwidth or impedance matching. Furthermore, the radiation efficiency remains above 98% across the operational band of 3.6–7.2 GHz (66% bandwidth). The wideband antenna and AMCS are fabricated to experimentally validate the performance of the AMCS-based antenna. Measurements of impedance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency demonstrate close alignment with simulation results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99233-zArtificial magnetic conducting surfaceFrequency selective surfaceHigh-gain antennaPeriodic structure.
spellingShingle A. E. Farahat
May AboEl-Hassan
K. F. A. Hussein
High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
Scientific Reports
Artificial magnetic conducting surface
Frequency selective surface
High-gain antenna
Periodic structure.
title High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
title_full High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
title_fullStr High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
title_full_unstemmed High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
title_short High efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
title_sort high efficiency wideband printed monopole antenna with enhanced gain using artificial magnetic conductor surface
topic Artificial magnetic conducting surface
Frequency selective surface
High-gain antenna
Periodic structure.
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99233-z
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AT kfahussein highefficiencywidebandprintedmonopoleantennawithenhancedgainusingartificialmagneticconductorsurface