Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems
Background: The results of current population-based studies exploring the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children’s behavioral problems are not completely consistent. In addition, it is not clear whether vitamins improve phthalate-induced health risks. Methods: This study was based on the...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000352 |
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| author | Li-wen Chen Xin Chen Chen Han Bei-bei Zhu Yi-fan Wang Yuan Liu Min-min Jiang Ya-fei Wang Chun-han Shan Hua-yan Mo Kun Huang Hui Gao Fang-biao Tao |
| author_facet | Li-wen Chen Xin Chen Chen Han Bei-bei Zhu Yi-fan Wang Yuan Liu Min-min Jiang Ya-fei Wang Chun-han Shan Hua-yan Mo Kun Huang Hui Gao Fang-biao Tao |
| author_sort | Li-wen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The results of current population-based studies exploring the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children’s behavioral problems are not completely consistent. In addition, it is not clear whether vitamins improve phthalate-induced health risks. Methods: This study was based on the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort, which included 2910 mother-child pairs. To assess children’s behavior, we used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A latent category growth model was used to model the scores of each subscale of the SDQ. Quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression were applied to analyze the effect of prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure. Results: Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure was associated with the “borderline and abnormal emotional symptoms” trajectory (β = 0.146, 95 % CI = −0.0003, 0.292), affecting girls more in emotional areas, and boys in conduct areas. There was an interaction effect between folic acid supplementation, vitamin D levels and phthalate mixtures on the risk of abnormal emotional behavior in children, which was reflected mainly in prosocial behavior and conduct problems. Conclusions: Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure increased the risk of abnormal emotional symptoms in children, and there were sex differences. The duration of folic acid supplementation and vitamin D level can affect the effects of cumulative phthalate exposure on emotion and behavior. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7bf74e527bb42729d8e66c2ac8128a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7bf74e527bb42729d8e66c2ac8128a52025-01-31T05:10:02ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-02-01196109284Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problemsLi-wen Chen0Xin Chen1Chen Han2Bei-bei Zhu3Yi-fan Wang4Yuan Liu5Min-min Jiang6Ya-fei Wang7Chun-han Shan8Hua-yan Mo9Kun Huang10Hui Gao11Fang-biao Tao12Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, ChinaKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaDepartment of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Anhui Medical College, Hefei 230601, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, ChinaKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China. Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China (H. Gao).Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China. Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China (H. Gao).Background: The results of current population-based studies exploring the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children’s behavioral problems are not completely consistent. In addition, it is not clear whether vitamins improve phthalate-induced health risks. Methods: This study was based on the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort, which included 2910 mother-child pairs. To assess children’s behavior, we used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A latent category growth model was used to model the scores of each subscale of the SDQ. Quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression were applied to analyze the effect of prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure. Results: Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure was associated with the “borderline and abnormal emotional symptoms” trajectory (β = 0.146, 95 % CI = −0.0003, 0.292), affecting girls more in emotional areas, and boys in conduct areas. There was an interaction effect between folic acid supplementation, vitamin D levels and phthalate mixtures on the risk of abnormal emotional behavior in children, which was reflected mainly in prosocial behavior and conduct problems. Conclusions: Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure increased the risk of abnormal emotional symptoms in children, and there were sex differences. The duration of folic acid supplementation and vitamin D level can affect the effects of cumulative phthalate exposure on emotion and behavior.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000352PhthalateBehaviorEmotionPrenatal exposureStrengths and Difficulties Questionnaire |
| spellingShingle | Li-wen Chen Xin Chen Chen Han Bei-bei Zhu Yi-fan Wang Yuan Liu Min-min Jiang Ya-fei Wang Chun-han Shan Hua-yan Mo Kun Huang Hui Gao Fang-biao Tao Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems Environment International Phthalate Behavior Emotion Prenatal exposure Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire |
| title | Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems |
| title_full | Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems |
| title_fullStr | Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems |
| title_short | Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems |
| title_sort | modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin d on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers emotional and behavioral problems |
| topic | Phthalate Behavior Emotion Prenatal exposure Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000352 |
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