Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA

Background: Experimental models using <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA (PbA)-infected mice have been essential for uncovering cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. However, variability in experimental CM (ECM) incidence, onset, and mortality introduce challenges when analyses rely solely on...

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Main Authors: Peyton J. Murin, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Leonardo José Moura Carvalho, Yuri Chaves Martins
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/676
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author Peyton J. Murin
Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
Leonardo José Moura Carvalho
Yuri Chaves Martins
author_facet Peyton J. Murin
Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
Leonardo José Moura Carvalho
Yuri Chaves Martins
author_sort Peyton J. Murin
collection DOAJ
description Background: Experimental models using <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA (PbA)-infected mice have been essential for uncovering cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. However, variability in experimental CM (ECM) incidence, onset, and mortality introduce challenges when analyses rely solely on infection day, which may reflect different disease stages among animals. Methods: We applied machine learning to predict ECM risk and onset in a cohort of 153 C57BL/6, 164 CBA, and 53 Swiss Webster mice. First, we fitted a logistic regression model to estimate the risk of ECM at any day using parasitemia data from day 1 to day 4. Next, we developed and trained a Random Forest Regressor model to predict the exact day of symptom onset. Results: A total of 64.5% of the cohort developed ECM, with onset ranging between 5 and 11 days. Early increases in parasitemia were strong predictors for the development of ECM, with an increase in parasitemia equal to or greater than 0.05 between day 1 and day 3 predicting the development of ECM with 97% sensitivity. The Random Forest model predicted the day of ECM onset with high precision (mean absolute error: 0.43, R<sup>2</sup>: 0.64). Conclusion: Parasitemia dynamics can effectively identify mice at high risk of ECM, enabling more accurate modeling of early pathological processes and improving the consistency of experimental analyses.
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spelling doaj-art-e7bb075246aa4365880d27392721a3482025-08-20T03:56:45ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-07-0114767610.3390/pathogens14070676Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKAPeyton J. Murin0Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro1Leonardo José Moura Carvalho2Yuri Chaves Martins3Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USALaboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilDepartment of Anesthesiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USABackground: Experimental models using <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA (PbA)-infected mice have been essential for uncovering cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. However, variability in experimental CM (ECM) incidence, onset, and mortality introduce challenges when analyses rely solely on infection day, which may reflect different disease stages among animals. Methods: We applied machine learning to predict ECM risk and onset in a cohort of 153 C57BL/6, 164 CBA, and 53 Swiss Webster mice. First, we fitted a logistic regression model to estimate the risk of ECM at any day using parasitemia data from day 1 to day 4. Next, we developed and trained a Random Forest Regressor model to predict the exact day of symptom onset. Results: A total of 64.5% of the cohort developed ECM, with onset ranging between 5 and 11 days. Early increases in parasitemia were strong predictors for the development of ECM, with an increase in parasitemia equal to or greater than 0.05 between day 1 and day 3 predicting the development of ECM with 97% sensitivity. The Random Forest model predicted the day of ECM onset with high precision (mean absolute error: 0.43, R<sup>2</sup>: 0.64). Conclusion: Parasitemia dynamics can effectively identify mice at high risk of ECM, enabling more accurate modeling of early pathological processes and improving the consistency of experimental analyses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/676cerebral malaria<i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKAparasitemia dynamicsmachine learning predictionexperimental mouse model
spellingShingle Peyton J. Murin
Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
Leonardo José Moura Carvalho
Yuri Chaves Martins
Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
Pathogens
cerebral malaria
<i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
parasitemia dynamics
machine learning prediction
experimental mouse model
title Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
title_full Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
title_fullStr Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
title_full_unstemmed Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
title_short Temporal Parasitemia Trends Predict Risk and Timing of Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice Infected by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
title_sort temporal parasitemia trends predict risk and timing of experimental cerebral malaria in mice infected by i plasmodium berghei i anka
topic cerebral malaria
<i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA
parasitemia dynamics
machine learning prediction
experimental mouse model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/676
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