Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams

Abstract This study investigated the impact of ultrasound (US) pre-treatment before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from fish side streams after filleting of Atlantic mackerel (heads, backbones, fins, tails and t...

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Main Authors: Janna Cropotova, Kristine Kvangarsnes, Elissavet Kotsoni, Revilija Mozuraityte, Inger Beate Standal, Amélie Le Gall, Turid Rustad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00931-3
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author Janna Cropotova
Kristine Kvangarsnes
Elissavet Kotsoni
Revilija Mozuraityte
Inger Beate Standal
Amélie Le Gall
Turid Rustad
author_facet Janna Cropotova
Kristine Kvangarsnes
Elissavet Kotsoni
Revilija Mozuraityte
Inger Beate Standal
Amélie Le Gall
Turid Rustad
author_sort Janna Cropotova
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the impact of ultrasound (US) pre-treatment before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from fish side streams after filleting of Atlantic mackerel (heads, backbones, fins, tails and trimmings). Four fractions were analyzed: a control without US-treatment and US-treated samples at 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W. The results showed that ultrasonication significantly increased total protein content in insoluble protein fraction after the treatment at 300 W. Additionally, salt-soluble proteins increased significantly in 450 W and 600 W samples, while water-soluble proteins increased after US-treatment at 600 W, suggesting that higher US-intensities promoted protein bond breakdown and exposure of hydrophilic amino acid groups. The degree of hydrolysis increased significantly in 450 W sample due to cavitation effect of ultrasound. Total thiols decreased in water-soluble proteins after US-treatment at 300 W and 450 W, as well as in all salt-soluble proteins compared to control due to unfolding of proteins and breakage of disulfide bonds. No significant differences were detected in lipid oxidation markers (TBARS and ¹H NMR aldehyde profile). From the nutritional perspective, the nutritional indexes of lipid quality AI (atherogenicity index), TI (thrombogenicity index), and HH (hypocholesterolemic fatty acid ratio) were favorable for all insoluble protein fractions. US-treatment enhanced the hypocholesterolemic profile of insoluble protein fractions by lowering their HH index. P-NMR lipid profiling identified PC and PC-ether as the predominant phospholipids (70–74% of total PL content). No significant differences were found in color parameters (L, a, b*) between control and US-treated samples at 300 W and 450 W. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-e7b83cfc5d6545759305b3a77a668ce62025-08-24T11:05:26ZengSpringerOpenBioresources and Bioprocessing2197-43652025-08-0112111610.1186/s40643-025-00931-3Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streamsJanna Cropotova0Kristine Kvangarsnes1Elissavet Kotsoni2Revilija Mozuraityte3Inger Beate Standal4Amélie Le Gall5Turid Rustad6Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologySINTEF OceanSINTEF OceanL’institut Agro DijonDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyAbstract This study investigated the impact of ultrasound (US) pre-treatment before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from fish side streams after filleting of Atlantic mackerel (heads, backbones, fins, tails and trimmings). Four fractions were analyzed: a control without US-treatment and US-treated samples at 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W. The results showed that ultrasonication significantly increased total protein content in insoluble protein fraction after the treatment at 300 W. Additionally, salt-soluble proteins increased significantly in 450 W and 600 W samples, while water-soluble proteins increased after US-treatment at 600 W, suggesting that higher US-intensities promoted protein bond breakdown and exposure of hydrophilic amino acid groups. The degree of hydrolysis increased significantly in 450 W sample due to cavitation effect of ultrasound. Total thiols decreased in water-soluble proteins after US-treatment at 300 W and 450 W, as well as in all salt-soluble proteins compared to control due to unfolding of proteins and breakage of disulfide bonds. No significant differences were detected in lipid oxidation markers (TBARS and ¹H NMR aldehyde profile). From the nutritional perspective, the nutritional indexes of lipid quality AI (atherogenicity index), TI (thrombogenicity index), and HH (hypocholesterolemic fatty acid ratio) were favorable for all insoluble protein fractions. US-treatment enhanced the hypocholesterolemic profile of insoluble protein fractions by lowering their HH index. P-NMR lipid profiling identified PC and PC-ether as the predominant phospholipids (70–74% of total PL content). No significant differences were found in color parameters (L, a, b*) between control and US-treated samples at 300 W and 450 W. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00931-3Insoluble proteinUltrasound treatmentEnzymatic hydrolysisAtlantic mackerel31P-NMR1H NMR
spellingShingle Janna Cropotova
Kristine Kvangarsnes
Elissavet Kotsoni
Revilija Mozuraityte
Inger Beate Standal
Amélie Le Gall
Turid Rustad
Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Insoluble protein
Ultrasound treatment
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Atlantic mackerel
31P-NMR
1H NMR
title Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
title_full Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
title_fullStr Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
title_full_unstemmed Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
title_short Effect of ultrasound pre-treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from Atlantic mackerel side streams
title_sort effect of ultrasound pre treatments before enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical nutritional and functional properties of insoluble protein fractions obtained from atlantic mackerel side streams
topic Insoluble protein
Ultrasound treatment
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Atlantic mackerel
31P-NMR
1H NMR
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00931-3
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