Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future

Magnesium (Mg) is renowned for its unique combination of low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and natural abundance, positioning it as an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants in biomedicine. Despite these advantageous properties, challenges such as poor formability and...

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Main Authors: Abhishek Kumar, Amit Choudhari, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Avinash Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of Magnesium and Alloys
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221395672400330X
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author Abhishek Kumar
Amit Choudhari
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Avinash Kumar
author_facet Abhishek Kumar
Amit Choudhari
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Avinash Kumar
author_sort Abhishek Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Magnesium (Mg) is renowned for its unique combination of low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and natural abundance, positioning it as an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants in biomedicine. Despite these advantageous properties, challenges such as poor formability and susceptibility to corrosion have restricted its broader application. This review critically addresses these limitations by delving into Mg's biodegradation mechanisms and the various degradation modes activated by different physiological environments. Emphasis is placed on understanding these processes to optimize Mg's utility as a biomaterial. Additionally, the transformative potential of integrating rare-earth (RE) elements into Mg alloys is explored. These elements significantly refine the microstructure, enhance mechanical properties, and improve corrosion resistance, effectively mitigating some of Mg's inherent limitations. Rare earth elements (REEs) significantly improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Cerium and lanthanum form protective oxide layers, reducing corrosion. Neodymium prevents hydrogen embrittlement, while yttrium refines grain size. The combination of REEs offers a diverse range of properties, including enhanced strength, creep resistance, high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, ductility, and toughness. This versatility allows for tailored alloy selection for specific applications. The review also assesses the effects of various RE elements on biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and biological interaction, which are crucial for medical applications. Furthermore, the innovative realm of additive manufacturing (AM) is investigated to develop efficient Mg-RE-based biomedical implants, enabling the precise customization of implants to meet individual patient needs. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the latest research, this study projects the promising future of Mg-RE alloys as groundbreaking biomaterials poised to redefine medical implant technology with their superior mechanical and biological properties.
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spelling doaj-art-e7b41c0c52414f20a578a5aaa7119c112025-08-20T01:52:45ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2213-95672024-10-0112103841389710.1016/j.jma.2024.10.006Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the futureAbhishek Kumar0Amit Choudhari1Ashish Kumar Gupta2Avinash Kumar3J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; Corresponding author at: J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USASchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, IndiaMagnesium (Mg) is renowned for its unique combination of low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and natural abundance, positioning it as an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants in biomedicine. Despite these advantageous properties, challenges such as poor formability and susceptibility to corrosion have restricted its broader application. This review critically addresses these limitations by delving into Mg's biodegradation mechanisms and the various degradation modes activated by different physiological environments. Emphasis is placed on understanding these processes to optimize Mg's utility as a biomaterial. Additionally, the transformative potential of integrating rare-earth (RE) elements into Mg alloys is explored. These elements significantly refine the microstructure, enhance mechanical properties, and improve corrosion resistance, effectively mitigating some of Mg's inherent limitations. Rare earth elements (REEs) significantly improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Cerium and lanthanum form protective oxide layers, reducing corrosion. Neodymium prevents hydrogen embrittlement, while yttrium refines grain size. The combination of REEs offers a diverse range of properties, including enhanced strength, creep resistance, high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, ductility, and toughness. This versatility allows for tailored alloy selection for specific applications. The review also assesses the effects of various RE elements on biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and biological interaction, which are crucial for medical applications. Furthermore, the innovative realm of additive manufacturing (AM) is investigated to develop efficient Mg-RE-based biomedical implants, enabling the precise customization of implants to meet individual patient needs. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the latest research, this study projects the promising future of Mg-RE alloys as groundbreaking biomaterials poised to redefine medical implant technology with their superior mechanical and biological properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221395672400330XIn vitroIn vivoImplantBiocompatibilityMg-RE alloyAdditive manufacturing
spellingShingle Abhishek Kumar
Amit Choudhari
Ashish Kumar Gupta
Avinash Kumar
Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys
In vitro
In vivo
Implant
Biocompatibility
Mg-RE alloy
Additive manufacturing
title Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
title_full Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
title_fullStr Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
title_full_unstemmed Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
title_short Rare-Earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
title_sort rare earth based magnesium alloys as a potential biomaterial for the future
topic In vitro
In vivo
Implant
Biocompatibility
Mg-RE alloy
Additive manufacturing
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221395672400330X
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AT amitchoudhari rareearthbasedmagnesiumalloysasapotentialbiomaterialforthefuture
AT ashishkumargupta rareearthbasedmagnesiumalloysasapotentialbiomaterialforthefuture
AT avinashkumar rareearthbasedmagnesiumalloysasapotentialbiomaterialforthefuture