Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) loss. The acidic, sandy soils of Florida offer ideal conditions for NH3 losses in rainfed cotton production systems. To assess NH3 losses under various N placement methods and rates, the experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024...

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Main Authors: Kulpreet Singh, Eajaz A. Dar, Satinderpal Singh, Akash Shah, Lakesh Sharma, Hardeep Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1625163/full
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author Kulpreet Singh
Eajaz A. Dar
Satinderpal Singh
Akash Shah
Lakesh Sharma
Hardeep Singh
author_facet Kulpreet Singh
Eajaz A. Dar
Satinderpal Singh
Akash Shah
Lakesh Sharma
Hardeep Singh
author_sort Kulpreet Singh
collection DOAJ
description Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) loss. The acidic, sandy soils of Florida offer ideal conditions for NH3 losses in rainfed cotton production systems. To assess NH3 losses under various N placement methods and rates, the experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The study employed two placement methods: surface broadcasting and subsurface banding, and two N rates: 67.5 and 102 kg N/ha. Ammonia emissions were measured using open-chamber traps, with sampling conducted multiple times per week. Daily NH3 emissions (g/ha/day) were averaged over each week, and cumulative emissions (g/ha) were calculated by summing weekly averages across the sampling period. These cumulative values were then used to estimate total NH3-N losses, expressed as a percentage of the total N applied. Sampling weeks were referenced as WAF (weeks after fertilization) to standardize timing across both years. Results indicated that both daily and cumulative NH3; emissions were significantly higher with subsurface banding compared to surface broadcasting, leading to greater N-NH3; losses under banding. In addition, neither placement method nor N rate significantly influenced cotton lint yield. These findings suggest that, under the conditions of this study, subsurface banding increased NH3 volatilization losses in rainfed cotton grown on sandy soils in Florida.
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spelling doaj-art-e7acea318eaf4e7a91b847382ef8735f2025-08-20T03:36:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182025-08-01710.3389/fagro.2025.16251631625163Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soilsKulpreet Singh0Eajaz A. Dar1Satinderpal Singh2Akash Shah3Lakesh Sharma4Hardeep Singh5West Florida Research and Education Center, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Jay, FL, United StatesWest Florida Research and Education Center, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Jay, FL, United StatesWest Florida Research and Education Center, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Jay, FL, United StatesWest Florida Research and Education Center, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Jay, FL, United StatesSoil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesWest Florida Research and Education Center, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Jay, FL, United StatesAmmonia (NH3) volatilization is a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) loss. The acidic, sandy soils of Florida offer ideal conditions for NH3 losses in rainfed cotton production systems. To assess NH3 losses under various N placement methods and rates, the experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024 using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The study employed two placement methods: surface broadcasting and subsurface banding, and two N rates: 67.5 and 102 kg N/ha. Ammonia emissions were measured using open-chamber traps, with sampling conducted multiple times per week. Daily NH3 emissions (g/ha/day) were averaged over each week, and cumulative emissions (g/ha) were calculated by summing weekly averages across the sampling period. These cumulative values were then used to estimate total NH3-N losses, expressed as a percentage of the total N applied. Sampling weeks were referenced as WAF (weeks after fertilization) to standardize timing across both years. Results indicated that both daily and cumulative NH3; emissions were significantly higher with subsurface banding compared to surface broadcasting, leading to greater N-NH3; losses under banding. In addition, neither placement method nor N rate significantly influenced cotton lint yield. These findings suggest that, under the conditions of this study, subsurface banding increased NH3 volatilization losses in rainfed cotton grown on sandy soils in Florida.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1625163/fullammonia volatilizationnitrogensubsurface bandsurface broadcastcotton
spellingShingle Kulpreet Singh
Eajaz A. Dar
Satinderpal Singh
Akash Shah
Lakesh Sharma
Hardeep Singh
Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
Frontiers in Agronomy
ammonia volatilization
nitrogen
subsurface band
surface broadcast
cotton
title Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
title_full Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
title_fullStr Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
title_full_unstemmed Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
title_short Subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in Florida sandy soils
title_sort subsurface banding increases ammonia emissions under rainfed cotton in florida sandy soils
topic ammonia volatilization
nitrogen
subsurface band
surface broadcast
cotton
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1625163/full
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