Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands

This article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio....

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Main Authors: Haneen Fadhil Abbas, Faris Jassim Aldoghachi, Basil Abdulmahdi Salih, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2025-05-01
Series:Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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Online Access:https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683
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author Haneen Fadhil Abbas
Faris Jassim Aldoghachi
Basil Abdulmahdi Salih
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
author_facet Haneen Fadhil Abbas
Faris Jassim Aldoghachi
Basil Abdulmahdi Salih
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
author_sort Haneen Fadhil Abbas
collection DOAJ
description This article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The ligands and complexes were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the copper complexes indicated the absence of water molecules in the crystalline coordination, demonstrating high thermal stability. The findings confirmed the formation of square-planar copper complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was evaluated on breast cancer and healthy cells using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The IC50 analysis showed that CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 had a significantly more substantial cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than on healthy cells. CuBOCH3 and CuBNO2 also exhibited notable selectivity toward cancer cells, whereas CuANO2 was more toxic to normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 as promising candidates for further development in targeted breast cancer therapy.
format Article
id doaj-art-e798c45c198d45fa8397f6590bbcc110
institution DOAJ
issn 1411-9420
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language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
record_format Article
series Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-e798c45c198d45fa8397f6590bbcc1102025-08-20T03:19:25ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-05-0125386487710.22146/ijc.10368337541Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye LigandsHaneen Fadhil Abbas0Faris Jassim Aldoghachi1Basil Abdulmahdi Salih2Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University for Oil and Gas, Altijari Street, Basrah 61001, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, IraqCatalysis Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Jl. Universiti 1, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jl. Universiti 1, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaThis article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The ligands and complexes were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the copper complexes indicated the absence of water molecules in the crystalline coordination, demonstrating high thermal stability. The findings confirmed the formation of square-planar copper complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was evaluated on breast cancer and healthy cells using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The IC50 analysis showed that CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 had a significantly more substantial cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than on healthy cells. CuBOCH3 and CuBNO2 also exhibited notable selectivity toward cancer cells, whereas CuANO2 was more toxic to normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 as promising candidates for further development in targeted breast cancer therapy.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683metal complexesschiff base ligandsazo dye
spellingShingle Haneen Fadhil Abbas
Faris Jassim Aldoghachi
Basil Abdulmahdi Salih
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
metal complexes
schiff base ligands
azo dye
title Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
title_full Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
title_fullStr Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
title_short Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
title_sort synthesis characterization and anti breast cancer properties of cu ii complexes with schiff base and azo dye ligands
topic metal complexes
schiff base ligands
azo dye
url https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683
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AT basilabdulmahdisalih synthesischaracterizationandantibreastcancerpropertiesofcuiicomplexeswithschiffbaseandazodyeligands
AT yunhintaufiqyap synthesischaracterizationandantibreastcancerpropertiesofcuiicomplexeswithschiffbaseandazodyeligands