Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands
This article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio....
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Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683 |
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| author | Haneen Fadhil Abbas Faris Jassim Aldoghachi Basil Abdulmahdi Salih Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap |
| author_facet | Haneen Fadhil Abbas Faris Jassim Aldoghachi Basil Abdulmahdi Salih Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap |
| author_sort | Haneen Fadhil Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The ligands and complexes were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the copper complexes indicated the absence of water molecules in the crystalline coordination, demonstrating high thermal stability. The findings confirmed the formation of square-planar copper complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was evaluated on breast cancer and healthy cells using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The IC50 analysis showed that CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 had a significantly more substantial cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than on healthy cells. CuBOCH3 and CuBNO2 also exhibited notable selectivity toward cancer cells, whereas CuANO2 was more toxic to normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 as promising candidates for further development in targeted breast cancer therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e798c45c198d45fa8397f6590bbcc110 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1411-9420 2460-1578 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-e798c45c198d45fa8397f6590bbcc1102025-08-20T03:19:25ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-05-0125386487710.22146/ijc.10368337541Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye LigandsHaneen Fadhil Abbas0Faris Jassim Aldoghachi1Basil Abdulmahdi Salih2Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, Iraq; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University for Oil and Gas, Altijari Street, Basrah 61001, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Baghdad Street, Basrah 61004, IraqCatalysis Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Jl. Universiti 1, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jl. Universiti 1, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaThis article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The ligands and complexes were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the copper complexes indicated the absence of water molecules in the crystalline coordination, demonstrating high thermal stability. The findings confirmed the formation of square-planar copper complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was evaluated on breast cancer and healthy cells using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The IC50 analysis showed that CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 had a significantly more substantial cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than on healthy cells. CuBOCH3 and CuBNO2 also exhibited notable selectivity toward cancer cells, whereas CuANO2 was more toxic to normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 as promising candidates for further development in targeted breast cancer therapy.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683metal complexesschiff base ligandsazo dye |
| spellingShingle | Haneen Fadhil Abbas Faris Jassim Aldoghachi Basil Abdulmahdi Salih Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands Indonesian Journal of Chemistry metal complexes schiff base ligands azo dye |
| title | Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands |
| title_full | Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands |
| title_short | Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands |
| title_sort | synthesis characterization and anti breast cancer properties of cu ii complexes with schiff base and azo dye ligands |
| topic | metal complexes schiff base ligands azo dye |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/103683 |
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