Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2
Abstract Nanomaterials offer considerable benefits in improving plant growth and nutritional status owing to their inherent stability, and efficiency in essential nutrient absorption and delivery. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) at optimum concentration could significantly influence plant morp...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Shoaib Ahmad Adiba Khan Sehrish Fuxun Ai Xueying Zong Sarah Owdah Alomrani Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Muhammad Ali Alshehri Shafaqat Ali Hongyan Guo |
| author_facet | Shoaib Ahmad Adiba Khan Sehrish Fuxun Ai Xueying Zong Sarah Owdah Alomrani Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Muhammad Ali Alshehri Shafaqat Ali Hongyan Guo |
| author_sort | Shoaib Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nanomaterials offer considerable benefits in improving plant growth and nutritional status owing to their inherent stability, and efficiency in essential nutrient absorption and delivery. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) at optimum concentration could significantly influence plant morpho-physiology and nutritional status. However, it remains unclear how elevated CO2 and CeO2 NPs interactively affect plant growth and quality. Accordingly, the ultimate goal was to reveal whether CeO2 NPs could alter the impact of elevated CO2 on the nutrient composition of spinach. For this purpose, spinach plant morpho-physiological, biochemical traits, and nutritional contents were evaluated. Spinach was exposed to different foliar concentrations of CeO2 NPs (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) in open-top chambers (400 and 600 CO2 μmol/mol). Results showed that elevated CO2 enhanced spinach growth by increasing photosynthetic pigments, as evidenced by a higher photosynthetic rate (Pn). However, the maximum growth and photosynthetic pigments were observed at the highest concentration of CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 resulted in a decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), whereas CeO2 NPs enhanced these parameters. No significant changes were observed in any of the measured biochemical parameters due to increased levels of CO2. However, an increase in antioxidant enzymes, particularly in catalase (CAT; 14.37%) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; 10.66%) activities, was observed in high CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) treatment under elevated CO2 levels. Regarding plant nutrient content, elevated CO2 significantly decreases spinach roots and leaves macro and micronutrients as compared to ambient CO2 levels. CeO2 NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest increase observed in 100 mg/L CeO2 NPs treatment and increased roots and shoots magnesium (211.62–215.49%), iron (256.68–322.77%), zinc (225.89–181.49%), copper (21.99–138.09%), potassium (121.46–138.89%), calcium (118.22–91.32%), manganese (133.15–195.02%) under elevated CO2. Overall, CeO2 NPs improved spinach growth and biomass and reverted the adverse effects of elevated CO2 on its nutritional quality. These findings indicated that CeO2 NPs could be used as an effective approach to increase vegetable growth and nutritional values to ensure food security under future climatic conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e78df38d95674d83b6e5dcd0944ba5142025-08-20T02:11:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111810.1038/s41598-024-76875-zMorphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2Shoaib Ahmad0Adiba Khan Sehrish1Fuxun Ai2Xueying Zong3Sarah Owdah Alomrani4Khalid A. Al-Ghanim5Muhammad Ali Alshehri6Shafaqat Ali7Hongyan Guo8State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran UniversityDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of TabukDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Government College UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Nanomaterials offer considerable benefits in improving plant growth and nutritional status owing to their inherent stability, and efficiency in essential nutrient absorption and delivery. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) at optimum concentration could significantly influence plant morpho-physiology and nutritional status. However, it remains unclear how elevated CO2 and CeO2 NPs interactively affect plant growth and quality. Accordingly, the ultimate goal was to reveal whether CeO2 NPs could alter the impact of elevated CO2 on the nutrient composition of spinach. For this purpose, spinach plant morpho-physiological, biochemical traits, and nutritional contents were evaluated. Spinach was exposed to different foliar concentrations of CeO2 NPs (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) in open-top chambers (400 and 600 CO2 μmol/mol). Results showed that elevated CO2 enhanced spinach growth by increasing photosynthetic pigments, as evidenced by a higher photosynthetic rate (Pn). However, the maximum growth and photosynthetic pigments were observed at the highest concentration of CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 resulted in a decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), whereas CeO2 NPs enhanced these parameters. No significant changes were observed in any of the measured biochemical parameters due to increased levels of CO2. However, an increase in antioxidant enzymes, particularly in catalase (CAT; 14.37%) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; 10.66%) activities, was observed in high CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) treatment under elevated CO2 levels. Regarding plant nutrient content, elevated CO2 significantly decreases spinach roots and leaves macro and micronutrients as compared to ambient CO2 levels. CeO2 NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest increase observed in 100 mg/L CeO2 NPs treatment and increased roots and shoots magnesium (211.62–215.49%), iron (256.68–322.77%), zinc (225.89–181.49%), copper (21.99–138.09%), potassium (121.46–138.89%), calcium (118.22–91.32%), manganese (133.15–195.02%) under elevated CO2. Overall, CeO2 NPs improved spinach growth and biomass and reverted the adverse effects of elevated CO2 on its nutritional quality. These findings indicated that CeO2 NPs could be used as an effective approach to increase vegetable growth and nutritional values to ensure food security under future climatic conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76875-zAntioxidantsChlorophyll contentsCerium oxide nanoparticleGrowth parametersNutrient contents |
| spellingShingle | Shoaib Ahmad Adiba Khan Sehrish Fuxun Ai Xueying Zong Sarah Owdah Alomrani Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Muhammad Ali Alshehri Shafaqat Ali Hongyan Guo Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 Scientific Reports Antioxidants Chlorophyll contents Cerium oxide nanoparticle Growth parameters Nutrient contents |
| title | Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 |
| title_full | Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 |
| title_fullStr | Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 |
| title_short | Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2 |
| title_sort | morphophysiological biochemical and nutrient response of spinach spinacia oleracea l by foliar ceo2 nanoparticles under elevated co2 |
| topic | Antioxidants Chlorophyll contents Cerium oxide nanoparticle Growth parameters Nutrient contents |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76875-z |
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