The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review
Scrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne infectious disease caused by <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> (<i>O. tsutsugamushi</i>) and transmitted through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae. Transmission involves complex ecological interactions among vectors, hosts, and...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/6/151 |
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| author | Shu Yang Shu Yang Yuxiang Xie Wenjing Duan Yiting Cui Ai Peng Yisheng Zhou Yibing Fan Hui Li Peng Huang |
| author_facet | Shu Yang Shu Yang Yuxiang Xie Wenjing Duan Yiting Cui Ai Peng Yisheng Zhou Yibing Fan Hui Li Peng Huang |
| author_sort | Shu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne infectious disease caused by <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> (<i>O. tsutsugamushi</i>) and transmitted through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae. Transmission involves complex ecological interactions among vectors, hosts, and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence indicates complex interactions between the scrub typhus incidence and multilevel environmental determinants, encompassing meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure), geographical conditions (e.g., topography, elevation, and landcover), and socioeconomic factors (e.g., economic level, cultural practices, residential conditions, and human behaviors). However, significant discrepancies persist among studies regarding the effect sizes and temporal associations, and the precise mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This review synthesizes the evidence on environment–disease relationships, clarifies the methodological inconsistencies, analyzes the potential sources of heterogeneity, and highlights the critical knowledge gaps to inform targeted prevention and control strategies and guide future research priorities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e78a8afb673045749d21f35f9dbcfe04 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-e78a8afb673045749d21f35f9dbcfe042025-08-20T03:29:38ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662025-05-0110615110.3390/tropicalmed10060151The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A ReviewShu Yang0Shu Yang1Yuxiang Xie2Wenjing Duan3Yiting Cui4Ai Peng5Yisheng Zhou6Yibing Fan7Hui Li8Peng Huang9Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaThe Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, ChinaCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaThe Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, ChinaThe Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, ChinaThe Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, ChinaCenter for Evidence-Based Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention and Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, ChinaScrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne infectious disease caused by <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> (<i>O. tsutsugamushi</i>) and transmitted through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae. Transmission involves complex ecological interactions among vectors, hosts, and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence indicates complex interactions between the scrub typhus incidence and multilevel environmental determinants, encompassing meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure), geographical conditions (e.g., topography, elevation, and landcover), and socioeconomic factors (e.g., economic level, cultural practices, residential conditions, and human behaviors). However, significant discrepancies persist among studies regarding the effect sizes and temporal associations, and the precise mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This review synthesizes the evidence on environment–disease relationships, clarifies the methodological inconsistencies, analyzes the potential sources of heterogeneity, and highlights the critical knowledge gaps to inform targeted prevention and control strategies and guide future research priorities.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/6/151scrub typhusenvironmental factorsmeteorological determinantsrisk factorsreview |
| spellingShingle | Shu Yang Shu Yang Yuxiang Xie Wenjing Duan Yiting Cui Ai Peng Yisheng Zhou Yibing Fan Hui Li Peng Huang The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease scrub typhus environmental factors meteorological determinants risk factors review |
| title | The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review |
| title_full | The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review |
| title_fullStr | The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review |
| title_short | The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review |
| title_sort | association between environmental factors and scrub typhus a review |
| topic | scrub typhus environmental factors meteorological determinants risk factors review |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/6/151 |
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