The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence reaches the 80% rate in female athletes involved in high-impact sports. In this context, although conservative treatment represents the first therapeutic choice, there is still a lack of knowledge on the efficacy of conservative program...

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Main Authors: Andrea Demeco, Giulia Bartocci, Noemi Astore, Beatrice Vignali, Antonello Salerno, Stefano Palermi, Ruben Foresti, Chiara Martini, Cosimo Costantino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/338
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author Andrea Demeco
Giulia Bartocci
Noemi Astore
Beatrice Vignali
Antonello Salerno
Stefano Palermi
Ruben Foresti
Chiara Martini
Cosimo Costantino
author_facet Andrea Demeco
Giulia Bartocci
Noemi Astore
Beatrice Vignali
Antonello Salerno
Stefano Palermi
Ruben Foresti
Chiara Martini
Cosimo Costantino
author_sort Andrea Demeco
collection DOAJ
description Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence reaches the 80% rate in female athletes involved in high-impact sports. In this context, although conservative treatment represents the first therapeutic choice, there is still a lack of knowledge on the efficacy of conservative programs in young female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of UI in young nulliparous female athletes. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection of articles was conducted using a specific search string: “[((pelvic floor dysfunction) OR (urinary incontinence) OR (dyspareunia) OR (dysuria)) AND ((sport) OR (sports)) AND ((female) OR (woman) OR (women) OR (girl)) AND ((rehabilitation) OR (rehab) OR (pelvic rehabilitation) OR (exercise))]”. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024559990. A total of 1018 articles were found in all searches of the databases. After removing duplicates, 663 papers were reviewed in terms of title and abstract. Finally, a total of six studies were included in the present review. The results of this review show that conservative treatment with a personalised pelvic floor muscle training program (PFMTP) represents an effective treatment for UI, decreasing urine loss and improving maximum voluntary pelvic contraction; this is linked with an improvement in quality of life and sports performance, in particular when supervised by a physical therapist. Moreover, due to the reluctance of athletes to talk about UI, an educational program should be considered as part of a prevention programme in pre-season training.
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spelling doaj-art-e7887add56b74c858351d16f955d22b72025-08-20T02:57:18ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632024-12-01121233810.3390/sports12120338The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic ReviewAndrea Demeco0Giulia Bartocci1Noemi Astore2Beatrice Vignali3Antonello Salerno4Stefano Palermi5Ruben Foresti6Chiara Martini7Cosimo Costantino8Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyPublic Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyBackground and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence reaches the 80% rate in female athletes involved in high-impact sports. In this context, although conservative treatment represents the first therapeutic choice, there is still a lack of knowledge on the efficacy of conservative programs in young female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of UI in young nulliparous female athletes. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection of articles was conducted using a specific search string: “[((pelvic floor dysfunction) OR (urinary incontinence) OR (dyspareunia) OR (dysuria)) AND ((sport) OR (sports)) AND ((female) OR (woman) OR (women) OR (girl)) AND ((rehabilitation) OR (rehab) OR (pelvic rehabilitation) OR (exercise))]”. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024559990. A total of 1018 articles were found in all searches of the databases. After removing duplicates, 663 papers were reviewed in terms of title and abstract. Finally, a total of six studies were included in the present review. The results of this review show that conservative treatment with a personalised pelvic floor muscle training program (PFMTP) represents an effective treatment for UI, decreasing urine loss and improving maximum voluntary pelvic contraction; this is linked with an improvement in quality of life and sports performance, in particular when supervised by a physical therapist. Moreover, due to the reluctance of athletes to talk about UI, an educational program should be considered as part of a prevention programme in pre-season training.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/338pelvic floorpelvic rehabilitationsportspelvic management
spellingShingle Andrea Demeco
Giulia Bartocci
Noemi Astore
Beatrice Vignali
Antonello Salerno
Stefano Palermi
Ruben Foresti
Chiara Martini
Cosimo Costantino
The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
Sports
pelvic floor
pelvic rehabilitation
sports
pelvic management
title The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
title_full The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
title_short The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review
title_sort efficacy of pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of urinary incontinence in female athletes a systematic review
topic pelvic floor
pelvic rehabilitation
sports
pelvic management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/338
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