Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position
The accurate assessment of anomalous head posture (AHP) is crucial for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring postural changes in individuals with ocular impairments. This study evaluated the accuracy of a digital goniometer and an iOS-based application by comparing their measurements to a gold-standa...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Serena Cerfoglio Francesco Bonsignore Giuseppina Bernardelli Lucia Donno Fabiana Aili Manuela Galli Francesca Nucci Edoardo Villani Paolo Nucci Veronica Cimolin |
| author_facet | Serena Cerfoglio Francesco Bonsignore Giuseppina Bernardelli Lucia Donno Fabiana Aili Manuela Galli Francesca Nucci Edoardo Villani Paolo Nucci Veronica Cimolin |
| author_sort | Serena Cerfoglio |
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| description | The accurate assessment of anomalous head posture (AHP) is crucial for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring postural changes in individuals with ocular impairments. This study evaluated the accuracy of a digital goniometer and an iOS-based application by comparing their measurements to a gold-standard motion capture (MoCap) system. Additionally, it assessed cervical range of motion (ROM) limitations in children with AHP versus healthy controls. Fifteen pediatric patients with ocular-origin AHP and 20 age-matched controls participated. Head rotation and inclination were measured using a goniometer, the iOS app, and MoCap under static and dynamic conditions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), root mean square error (RMSE), and Bland–Altman plots assessed inter-system agreement, while MoCap analyzed cervical ROM. The results showed strong agreement between the ophthalmological tools and MoCap for head rotation (PCC = 0.86, RMSE = 3.43°) and inclination (PCC = 0.82, RMSE = 5°), with no significant inter-system differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05). AHP patients exhibited reduced head flexion (<i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting long-term postural adaptations. Digital goniometers and smartphone applications provide accurate, cost-effective AHP assessment alternatives, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future research should expand cohorts and integrate multidisciplinary approaches to refine assessment and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e787641604fe40f88f271281b544efaa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e787641604fe40f88f271281b544efaa2025-08-20T03:06:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157364210.3390/app15073642Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head PositionSerena Cerfoglio0Francesco Bonsignore1Giuseppina Bernardelli2Lucia Donno3Fabiana Aili4Manuela Galli5Francesca Nucci6Edoardo Villani7Paolo Nucci8Veronica Cimolin9Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyClinica Oculistica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Multimedica, 20099 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Science and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyClinica Odontoiatrica Università di Milano, 20142 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Science and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyThe accurate assessment of anomalous head posture (AHP) is crucial for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring postural changes in individuals with ocular impairments. This study evaluated the accuracy of a digital goniometer and an iOS-based application by comparing their measurements to a gold-standard motion capture (MoCap) system. Additionally, it assessed cervical range of motion (ROM) limitations in children with AHP versus healthy controls. Fifteen pediatric patients with ocular-origin AHP and 20 age-matched controls participated. Head rotation and inclination were measured using a goniometer, the iOS app, and MoCap under static and dynamic conditions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), root mean square error (RMSE), and Bland–Altman plots assessed inter-system agreement, while MoCap analyzed cervical ROM. The results showed strong agreement between the ophthalmological tools and MoCap for head rotation (PCC = 0.86, RMSE = 3.43°) and inclination (PCC = 0.82, RMSE = 5°), with no significant inter-system differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05). AHP patients exhibited reduced head flexion (<i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting long-term postural adaptations. Digital goniometers and smartphone applications provide accurate, cost-effective AHP assessment alternatives, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future research should expand cohorts and integrate multidisciplinary approaches to refine assessment and treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3642anomalous head posturefunctional assessmentophthalmologymotion capturecervical mobility |
| spellingShingle | Serena Cerfoglio Francesco Bonsignore Giuseppina Bernardelli Lucia Donno Fabiana Aili Manuela Galli Francesca Nucci Edoardo Villani Paolo Nucci Veronica Cimolin Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position Applied Sciences anomalous head posture functional assessment ophthalmology motion capture cervical mobility |
| title | Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position |
| title_full | Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position |
| title_fullStr | Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position |
| title_short | Accuracy of Measurement Tools for Ocular-Origin Anomalous Head Posture and the Cervical Range of Motion Kinematics in Children with an Anomalous Head Position |
| title_sort | accuracy of measurement tools for ocular origin anomalous head posture and the cervical range of motion kinematics in children with an anomalous head position |
| topic | anomalous head posture functional assessment ophthalmology motion capture cervical mobility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3642 |
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