Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians

Abstract Eye loss occurs convergently in numerous animal phyla as an adaptation to dark environments. We investigate the cave planarian Girardia multidiverticulata (Gm), a representative species of the Spiralian clade, to study mechanisms of eye loss. We found that Gm, which was previously described...

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Main Authors: Luiza O. Saad, Thomas F. Cooke, Kutay D. Atabay, Peter W. Reddien, Federico D. Brown
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54478-6
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author Luiza O. Saad
Thomas F. Cooke
Kutay D. Atabay
Peter W. Reddien
Federico D. Brown
author_facet Luiza O. Saad
Thomas F. Cooke
Kutay D. Atabay
Peter W. Reddien
Federico D. Brown
author_sort Luiza O. Saad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Eye loss occurs convergently in numerous animal phyla as an adaptation to dark environments. We investigate the cave planarian Girardia multidiverticulata (Gm), a representative species of the Spiralian clade, to study mechanisms of eye loss. We found that Gm, which was previously described as an eyeless species, retains rudimentary and functional eyes. Eyes are maintained in homeostasis and regenerated in adult planarians by stem cells, called neoblasts, through their fate specification to eye progenitors. The reduced number of eye cells in cave planarians is associated with a decreased rate of stem cell fate specification to eye progenitors during homeostasis and regeneration. Conversely, the homeostatic formation of new cells from stem cell-derived progenitors for other tissues, including for neurons, pharynx, and epidermis, is comparable between cave and surface species. These findings reveal a mode of evolutionary trait loss, with change in rate of fate specification in adult stem cells leading to tissue size reduction.
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spelling doaj-art-e78588ff175842639097a2d2185d3e7a2025-08-20T03:07:54ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116112210.1038/s41467-024-54478-6Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planariansLuiza O. Saad0Thomas F. Cooke1Kutay D. Atabay2Peter W. Reddien3Federico D. Brown4Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São PauloWhitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchWhitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchWhitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São PauloAbstract Eye loss occurs convergently in numerous animal phyla as an adaptation to dark environments. We investigate the cave planarian Girardia multidiverticulata (Gm), a representative species of the Spiralian clade, to study mechanisms of eye loss. We found that Gm, which was previously described as an eyeless species, retains rudimentary and functional eyes. Eyes are maintained in homeostasis and regenerated in adult planarians by stem cells, called neoblasts, through their fate specification to eye progenitors. The reduced number of eye cells in cave planarians is associated with a decreased rate of stem cell fate specification to eye progenitors during homeostasis and regeneration. Conversely, the homeostatic formation of new cells from stem cell-derived progenitors for other tissues, including for neurons, pharynx, and epidermis, is comparable between cave and surface species. These findings reveal a mode of evolutionary trait loss, with change in rate of fate specification in adult stem cells leading to tissue size reduction.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54478-6
spellingShingle Luiza O. Saad
Thomas F. Cooke
Kutay D. Atabay
Peter W. Reddien
Federico D. Brown
Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
Nature Communications
title Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
title_full Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
title_fullStr Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
title_full_unstemmed Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
title_short Reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
title_sort reduced adult stem cell fate specification led to eye reduction in cave planarians
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54478-6
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