Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis
Beta-sitosterol (BS), a naturally occurring phytosterol abundant in plants, has been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities, including immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Pestivirus genus, remains a persistent threat to the swine ind...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/933 |
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| author | Yayun Liu Dongdong Yin Jieru Wang Yin Dai Xuehuai Shen Lei Yin Bin Zhou Xiaocheng Pan |
| author_facet | Yayun Liu Dongdong Yin Jieru Wang Yin Dai Xuehuai Shen Lei Yin Bin Zhou Xiaocheng Pan |
| author_sort | Yayun Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beta-sitosterol (BS), a naturally occurring phytosterol abundant in plants, has been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities, including immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Pestivirus genus, remains a persistent threat to the swine industry worldwide, causing considerable economic damage. Our research found that BS significantly enhances the replication of both the CSFV-Shimen strain and the attenuated C-strain vaccine virus in PK-15 cells. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling (RNA-Seq) identified 175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following BS exposure, comprising 53 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes. Further results demonstrated that treatment with β-sitosterol suppressed IκBα expression, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway, and that knockdown of endogenous IκBα significantly promoted CSFV replication. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how BS influences the CSFV infection process, suggesting its role as a host lipid-associated factor facilitating viral propagation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e77eac3cfdc94b2fa24ec30792b9f8e5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-e77eac3cfdc94b2fa24ec30792b9f8e52025-08-20T03:13:59ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117793310.3390/v17070933Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq AnalysisYayun Liu0Dongdong Yin1Jieru Wang2Yin Dai3Xuehuai Shen4Lei Yin5Bin Zhou6Xiaocheng Pan7Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, ChinaBeta-sitosterol (BS), a naturally occurring phytosterol abundant in plants, has been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities, including immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Pestivirus genus, remains a persistent threat to the swine industry worldwide, causing considerable economic damage. Our research found that BS significantly enhances the replication of both the CSFV-Shimen strain and the attenuated C-strain vaccine virus in PK-15 cells. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling (RNA-Seq) identified 175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following BS exposure, comprising 53 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes. Further results demonstrated that treatment with β-sitosterol suppressed IκBα expression, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway, and that knockdown of endogenous IκBα significantly promoted CSFV replication. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how BS influences the CSFV infection process, suggesting its role as a host lipid-associated factor facilitating viral propagation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/933beta-sitosterol (BS)classical swine fever virus (CSFV)lipid compoundsreplicationdifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) |
| spellingShingle | Yayun Liu Dongdong Yin Jieru Wang Yin Dai Xuehuai Shen Lei Yin Bin Zhou Xiaocheng Pan Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis Viruses beta-sitosterol (BS) classical swine fever virus (CSFV) lipid compounds replication differentially expressed genes (DEGs) |
| title | Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis |
| title_full | Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis |
| title_short | Beta-Sitosterol Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection: Insights from RNA-Seq Analysis |
| title_sort | beta sitosterol enhances classical swine fever virus infection insights from rna seq analysis |
| topic | beta-sitosterol (BS) classical swine fever virus (CSFV) lipid compounds replication differentially expressed genes (DEGs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/933 |
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