Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin

Light exposure has relevant effects both on living organisms and artificial materials. In particular, ultraviolet radiation is known to kill living cells and damage human skin but also degrade important artificial materials like plastics. In nature, the main pigment responsible for photoprotection i...

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Main Authors: Arianna Menichetti, Dario Mordini, Silvia Vicenzi, Agata Pane, Marco Montalti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/376
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author Arianna Menichetti
Dario Mordini
Silvia Vicenzi
Agata Pane
Marco Montalti
author_facet Arianna Menichetti
Dario Mordini
Silvia Vicenzi
Agata Pane
Marco Montalti
author_sort Arianna Menichetti
collection DOAJ
description Light exposure has relevant effects both on living organisms and artificial materials. In particular, ultraviolet radiation is known to kill living cells and damage human skin but also degrade important artificial materials like plastics. In nature, the main pigment responsible for photoprotection is melanin, which is able both to prevent penetration of light by absorption and scattering and to block the action of light-generated radicals thanks to its antioxidant properties. The combination of light extinction with antioxidant action is still the most diffused and effective approach to photoprotection. Nevertheless, up to now, these two mechanisms, light extinction and antioxidant activity, have been considered independent. Recent studies showed that exposing melanin to light leads to an increase in its radical content and possibly in its antioxidant activity. Do light extinction and antioxidant activity work in synergy for photoprotection in nature? In this paper, we discuss the steps still needed to answer this intriguing question.
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series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-e77e0636049b4645b978894e9773fa972025-08-20T03:14:24ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-03-0114437610.3390/antiox14040376Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of MelaninArianna Menichetti0Dario Mordini1Silvia Vicenzi2Agata Pane3Marco Montalti4Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, ItalyLight exposure has relevant effects both on living organisms and artificial materials. In particular, ultraviolet radiation is known to kill living cells and damage human skin but also degrade important artificial materials like plastics. In nature, the main pigment responsible for photoprotection is melanin, which is able both to prevent penetration of light by absorption and scattering and to block the action of light-generated radicals thanks to its antioxidant properties. The combination of light extinction with antioxidant action is still the most diffused and effective approach to photoprotection. Nevertheless, up to now, these two mechanisms, light extinction and antioxidant activity, have been considered independent. Recent studies showed that exposing melanin to light leads to an increase in its radical content and possibly in its antioxidant activity. Do light extinction and antioxidant activity work in synergy for photoprotection in nature? In this paper, we discuss the steps still needed to answer this intriguing question.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/376polydopamineROSnanoparticlesultrafast transient absorptionradical scavenginglight scattering
spellingShingle Arianna Menichetti
Dario Mordini
Silvia Vicenzi
Agata Pane
Marco Montalti
Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
Antioxidants
polydopamine
ROS
nanoparticles
ultrafast transient absorption
radical scavenging
light scattering
title Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
title_full Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
title_fullStr Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
title_full_unstemmed Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
title_short Unexplored Mechanisms of Photoprotection: Synergistic Light Absorption and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin
title_sort unexplored mechanisms of photoprotection synergistic light absorption and antioxidant activity of melanin
topic polydopamine
ROS
nanoparticles
ultrafast transient absorption
radical scavenging
light scattering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/376
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